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Geoglyphs are large designs or patterns on the ground, created by removing earth or placing stones, often depicting animals, plants, or geometric shapes. They are typically made to be visible from a distance, often from the air, and can be found in various parts of the world. The most famous examples are the Nazca Lines …

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A “Pile of stones” can refer to a natural or artificial accumulation of rocks. In a natural context, it could be a pile of scree (broken rock fragments at the base of a cliff) or a talus deposit. Human-made piles of stones are often called Cairns, used for marking trails, burial sites, or other purposes.

Ad Gefrin means ‘by the hill of goats‘ and comes from the location of the 7th century Anglo-Saxon royal palace at Yeavering four miles away that inspired us from the very beginning.

The first red pigment ever discovered, Ochre was derived from iron rich rocks containing hematite hundreds of thousands of years ago, a highly pigmented mineral that easily stained the skin and could be shaped into sticks, or ground into a fine, powdered pigment.

Slag flecks are small, often dark, bits of by-product from smelting or other metallurgical processes. They are typically made of metal oxides and silicon dioxide, and are used as inclusions in mortar or as an aggregate in construction.

Hammerscale, also written Hammer Scale, is a flaky or spheroidal byproduct of the iron forging process. Hammerscale is almost universally recovered from archaeological excavations in areas where iron ore was refined and forged. Hammerscale’s magnetic character also aids in its recovery and in mapping larger features by means of magnetic susceptibility surveys. Hammerscale can provide …

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In colloquial usage, the term Palimpsest is also used in architecture, archaeology and geomorphology to denote an object made or worked upon for one purpose and later reused for another; for example, a monumental brass the reverse blank side of which has been re-engraved.

Container mound: A mound whose main job is to cover and protect something placed inside it—usually a grave, a hoard of objects or a chamber. For example, a Round Barrow or passage tomb: the earth hides and honours the burial beneath.

A mound built mainly to stand, walk, meet or perform rituals on its summit. Its value lies in the surface it gives you and the dramatic height it adds to the landscape. For example, Silbury Hill (Wiltshire): huge, flat-topped chalk mound; no burial chamber inside, no bones found.

A Hushing scarp is the clean, cliff-like face produced by the controlled flood of Hushing.