Roman Military Sites in Scotland

Roman Military Sites in Scotland

English names, Roman names where known, four figure map reference, site type, size, and history, including garrisons and associated military units. Where there is uncertainty over identification of an element a ? is used after the element: a ? before a Roman name means that the form of the name is uncertain, but that it is linked to that site.

The Gazetteer is organised in Scotland by county and unitary authority, preceded by summaries of groups of sites within frontier systems. FrontiersAberdeenshireAngusSouth AyreshireEast AyreshireDumfries and GallowayEast DunbartonshireWest DunbartonshireDundee CityEdinburghFalkirkFifeGlasgowHighlandInverclydeNorth LanarkshireSouth LanarkshireEast LothianWest LothianMoray MidlothianPerth and KinrossRenfrewshire StirlingScottish Borders
 
FRONTIERS Gask Ridge
The Gask Ridge frontier is a group of towers, forts and fortlets that run from south of Ardoch fort to Bertha. It is possible that the series extends further south to Doune or even to the Clyde-Forth isthmus. The little dating evidence that exists gives its abandonment at circa 87AD, but there is now evidence for a longer occupation than the traditional very short one that has been dated from either before the building of Inchtuthill fortress or just after that fortresses’ abandonment. The Gask appears to be the oldest known land frontier system anywhere in the Empire. See Perth and Kinross for site entries

Woolliscroft, The Roman Gask in Limes Congress Report 1997 (1997) pp499-519 and at https://www.morgue.demon.co.uk/Pages/Gask/Britannia.html The Roman Gask Project

Keppie, Scotland’s Roman Remains (1990) p183

Antonine Wall
Earth or turf wall on stone base running for 60 km from Old Kilpatrick on the Clyde to the Firth of Forth near Carriden. It was built circa 140 AD. The original plan was for six forts (the Primary forts – Carriden, Mumrills, Castlecary, Bar Hill or Auchendavy, Balmuildy and Old Kilpatrick) about every 12.8 km and fortlet (similar to the mile castles on Hadrian’s Wall) at approximately every Roman mile.

The mile fortlets were then abandoned and 13? small (Secondary) forts inserted about every 3.2 km. The Wall also has small ‘expansions’ the purpose of which are unknown. There are many temporary camps close to the Wall that sheltered the troops on building duties.

Strathclydde and Central for detailed entries

Keppie, Scotland’s Roman Remains (1990) pp180-181

ABERDEENSHIRE
Balmakewan
NO6666
Marching camp, circa 50.0 ha Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, p143 (1977)
Burnfield
NJ5447
Marching camp Britannia XV, p273 (1984)
Durno
NJ6927
Marching camp, circa 58.0 ha – Flavian date? One of the suggested sites for Agricola’s camp before the battle of Mons Graupius. Frere & St Joseph, Roman Britain from the air, p30-1 (1983)
Dun
NO6859
Marching camp, 3.3 ha. As it is on a coastal site it may be associated with Agricola’s sixth campaign, where fleet and army acted together. Scottish Archaeological Forum XII, p45-7 Edinburgh (1981)
Glenmailen
NJ6538
Marching camp, 44.9 ha (Serveran?) Britannia I, p174-7 (1970)
NJ6635 Marching camp, 14.1 ha, Flavian with “Stracathro” gateways Britannia I, p174-7 (1970)
Kair House
NO7676
Marching camp, 52.6 ha (Serveran?) Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, p143 (1977)
Kintore
Devona?
NJ7816
Marching camp, 44.5 ha Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXVI, p 205 – 9, 1986
Normandykes
NO8399
Marching camp, 42.9 ha (Serveran?)Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, p143 (1977)
Raedykes
NO8490
Marching camp 37.6 ha, Flavian. One of the suggested sites for Agricola’s camp before the battle of Mons Graupius.Hanson, Agricola and the conquest of the North, pp130-6 (1987)
Ythan Wells
See Glenmailen
ANGUS
Cardean
Tameia
NO2846
3.2 ha Flavian fort, abandoned in the mid 80s AD.Britannia VII, p299 (1976)
Eassie
NO3546
Marching camp, 25.5 haBritannia I, p177 (1970)
Finavon
NO4957
Marching camp, 15.0 haJournal of Roman Studies LXVII, p140 (1977)
Gagie
NO4438
Small marching campJournal of Roman Studies LXIII, p224 & p 229 (1973)
Inverquharity
NO4058
0.5 ha Flavian fortlet, abandoned around 87 AD.Britannia XV, p275 (1984)

Marching camp, 2.3 ha

Britannia XVI, p263 (1985)

Keithock
NO6163
Marching camp, 26.6 haJournal of Roman Studies LXIII, p84 (1973)
Kirkbuddo
NO4944
Marching camp, 24.3 haJournal of Roman Studies LXIII, p230 (1973)
Longforgan
NO2930
Marching camp, 25.9 ha Britannia XXVI
Lunanhead
NO4752
Marching camp, 25.5 haJournal of Roman Studies LXIII, p224 (1973)
Marcus
NO5158
Marching camp, 26.2 haJournal of Roman Studies LIX, p111 (1969)
Oathlaw
NO4555
Marching camp, 52.6 ha (Severan?).Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, p143 (1977)
Stracathro
NO6165
Flavian fort, 2.6 ha that was abandoned around 87 AD Britannia I, p273 (1970)

Flavian marching camp, 15.7 ha. The type site for “Stracathro” gateways.

Britannia I, pp171-5 (1970)

EAST AYRESHIRE
Loudoun Hill
NS60371.4 ha
Flavian fort, abandoned after the late 80s AD.The site was re-occupied in the Antonine period.

Kennedy, Britannia VII pp286-7 (1976)

SOUTH AYRESHIRE
Girvan
NX1999
Two marching camps, 21 ha and 13 ha Britannia XXV (1994) p257
EAST DUNBARTONSHIRE
Adamslee
NS6473
Marching camp, 1.4 haRoyal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Lanarkshire, p134(1978)
Auchendavy
NS6774
Primary Antonine Wall fort, 1.4 haBritannia XVI, pp29-35 (1985)
Balmuildy
NS5871
Primary Antonine Wall fort, 1.7 haGlasgow Archaeological Journal IV, pp99-102 (1976)
Buchley
NT5972
Antonine Wall mile fortlet?Britannia XII, p320 (1981)
NS5872 Expansion on the Antonine WallBritannia XIV, p227-43 (1983)

Marching camp, 4.5 ha

Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Lanarkshire, pp114

Cadder
NS6172
Secondary Antonine Wall fort, 1.4 ha. The site has now been now destroyed.Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Lanarkshire, pp121-4
Castlehill
NS5272
Secondary Antonine Wall fort 1.4 ha and possible mile fortlet. Garrisoned by Cohors IIII Gallorum equitata.Hanson & Maxwell, Rome’s North-West Frontier, p91 Edinburgh (1983)
Cleddans
NS5072
Antonine Wall mile fortlet, 0.1 haBritannia XII, p154-6 (1981)
Duntocher
NS4972
Secondary Antonine wall fortAntonine Wall mile fortlet, 0.3 ha

Britannia X, p278 (1979)

Glasgow Bridge
NS6373
Antonine Wall mile fortlet, 0.1 haRoyal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Lanarkshire, pp134
Kirkintilloch
NS6574
Secondary Antonine Wall fortRobertson, The Antonine Wall pp74-6 (1979)
Twechar
NS6975
Marching camp, 1.5 haBritannia IX, p416 (1978)
Summerston
NS5772
Antonine Wall mile fortlet Marching camp, 2.4 ha, a construction camp for the Antonine Wall?.

Britannia XIII, p98 (1982)

Wilderness Plantation
NS5972
Antonine Wall mile fortlet, 0.1 ha Britannia VI, p227 (1976)

Expansions. on the Antonine Wall – Wilderness East and West.

Hanson & Maxwell, Britannia XIV, p227-43 (1984)

WEST DUNBARTONSHIRE
Old Kilpatrick
NS4673
Primary Antonine Wall fort, 1.9 ha, garrisoned by Cohors I Baetasiorum civium Romanorum ob virtutem et fidem.Robertson, The Antonine Wall pp74-89-916 (1979)
DUNDEE CITY
Invergowrie
NO3430
Marching campBritannia XXII, p228 (1991)
DUMFRIES & GALLOWAY
Amisfield Tower
NX9984
Marching camp, circa 8.0 haBritannia XVIII, p40 (1987)
Annan
NY1965
Marching camp, 3.5 ha Britannia XXVII
NY1765 Marching camp, 3.5 ha, Flavian?Britannia XVIII, p40 (1987)
Annanfoot
See Annan
Bankfoot
See Dalswinton
Barburgh Mill
NX9088
Antonine fortlet, 0.1 haBreeze, Britannia V, pp130-162 (1974)
Barnhill
See Beattock
Beattock
NT0802
Fortlet? of Flavian? date.Three marching camps c 23 ha, c 16.2 ha Flavian, with “Stracathro” gateways and c 11.6 ha, Antonine? see also Strathclyde

Maxwell and Wilson, Britannia XVIII

Birrens
Blatobulgium
NY2175
A Flavian fortlet 0.6 ha (and fort?) that was succeeded by a 1.7 ha fort built circa 120 AD.Early in the Antonine period a stone fort of 2.1 ha was built and garrisoned, first by Cohors I Nervia (Nervana) Germanorum milliaria equitata and then by Cohors II Tungrorum milliaria equitata civium latinorum, After the withdrawal to Hadrian’s Wall it remained as an outpost fort until circa 180 AD.

Robertson, Birrens -Blatobulgium, (1975)

NY2174 Six marching campsJournal of Roman Studies XLI, p58 (1951)
Broomholm
NY3781
1.7 ha Flavian fort. In the early 2nd century it was succeeded by a fortlet, that served as an an outpost for the Stanegate frontier? or Hadrian’s Wall? Antonine fort 0.8 ha

Journal of Roman Studies LV, p202 (1965)

Burnswark
NY1878
A hillfort with a fortlet (Antonine?) occupying a small part of the site. Marching camps and ballista platforms that are either a training site of the mid-late 2nd century for troops based at Birrens or the site of a siege of the hill fort.

Jobey, Transactions of the Dumfriesshire & Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society 53 (1977-8)

Carronbridge
NX8697
Marching camp 0.6 haTransactions of the Dumfriesshire & Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society 32, pp9-34 (1953-4)
Carzield
NX9681
An Antonine fort 3.0 ha Birley & Richmond Transactions of the Dumfriesshire & Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society 22 (1938-9)
NX9682 Marching camp, 0.7 ha
Craik Cross
NT3004
Signal station (the site extends into Borders)Richmond, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 80 pp103-17 (1945-6)
Dalswinton
NX9384
A complex site that served as the western equivalent of Newstead. There were two early Flavian forts, succeeded by an 3.5 ha fort in the early 80s AD, which in turn was succeeded by a 4.2 ha fort in the late 80s AD. Both the later forts had accommodation for cavalry, either a cohors equitata or two quingenery ala.

Birley, Transactions of the Dumfriesshire & Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society 35, pp 9-13, (1938-9)

NX9383 Two marching camps 24.8 ha Flavian? and c 2.0 ha Flavian with “Stracathro” gatewaysRichmond & St Joseph, Transactions of the Dumfriesshire & Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society 34 pp 9-21 (1955-6)
Dinwoodie
NY0989
Marching camp of about 5.0 haJournal of Roman Studies LIX, p108 (1969)
Dinwoodie Green
see Dinwoodie
Drumlanrig
NX8598
1.5 ha fort, Flavian, The site was occupied in the Antonine period by a 1.6 ha fort. Marching camp

Britannia XXIX p380 (1998)

Durisdeer
NS9004
Antonine fortlet of 0.2 ha Robertson, in The Roman Occupation of South-Western Scotland pp 124-6 (1952)
NS8903 Two marching camps, c 20 ha and 6.2 ha Flavian?Journal of Roman Studies XLI ,p60 (1951)
Ellisland
NX9284
Two marching camps, 0.8 ha and 0.3 haHanson & Maxwell, Rome’s North-West Frontier, Edinburgh (1983)
Ellisland Farm
See Ellisland
Fourmerkland
NX9180
Two marching camps, 5.9 ha Flavian? and 0.3 haScottish Archaeological Forum XII, p40 Edinburgh (1981)
Gatehouse of Fleet
NX5957
Flavian fortlet, 0.3 ha St Joseph, Rome and her northern provinces, Alan Sutton (1983)
Gilnockie
NY3879
10.2 ha marching campRoyal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Dumfriesshire pp27-8
Glenlochar
NX7364
Late Flavian fort, 3.4 ha that was held until circa 100 AD. The site was occupied by a similar sized fort during the Antonine period. Seven marching camps, including 12.7 ha, 8.8 ha Flavian?, 6.1 ha, 0.4 ha and 0.1 ha

Richmond & St Joseph, Transactions of the Dumfriesshire & Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society 30 pp1-16 (1951-2)

Glenluce
NX1956
Marching camp, c 16 haBritannia XXIV, p281 (1993)
Hangingshaw
see Dinwoodie
Islafoot
NX8599
Marching camp, 6.2 haBritannia XXIX, p380 (1998)
Kirkpatrick-Fleming
NY2870
Two marching camps, 25.5 ha and 5.6 ha Britannia XXIII
Kirkland
NX8090
Flavian? fortletBritannia XXIV, p281 (1993)
Ladyward
NY1182
Fort, 2.0 haBritannia XXI, pp312-4 (199o)
Lantonside
NY0166
Fortlet, 0.2 ha, Antonine?Britannia XVI, p267 (1985)
Lochmaben
NY0982
Marching camp, 25.5 haBritannia XVII, p374 (1986)
Milton
NT0901
Flavian fort of 2.8 ha. In the Antonine period the site was occupied by an Antonine fortlet of 0.2 ha. The fortlet was possibly garrisoned by a detachment of Cohors II Tungrorum from Birrens. Marching camp, 2.2 ha

Clarke, Transactions of the Dumfriesshire & Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society 28 pp199-201 (1949-50)

Murder Loch
NY0385
Antonine fortlet, 0.3 haBritannia VI, p230 (1975)
Raeburnfoot
NY2599
Antonine fortlet, 0.6 ha built within the defences of a Flavian fort? of 2.1 haProceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 97, pp189-90 (1963-4)
Sanquhar
NS7710
Fortlet? – Antonine?Britannia XVI, p267 (1985)
Shawhead
NX8776
Two small marching campsJournal of Roman Studies LI, p122 (1961)

 

Shieldhill
See Murder Loch
Tassiesholm
see Milton
Torwood
NY1281
Marching camp, 20.4 haMiller, The Roman Occupation of South-Western Scotland, Glasgow (1952)
Ward Law
Uxelum
NY0266
Marching camp, 3.0 ha? one entrance has four titulum in a diamond patternBritannia IX, p419 (1978)
Waterside Mains
NX8696
Marching camp, circa 1.2 haBritannia IX, p411 (1978)
White Type
NT0511
Signal stationBritannia VII, p37 (1976)
EDINBURGH
Cramond
NT1876
Flavian fort? 2.4 ha Antonine fort, and presumably supply base for the Antonine Wall. Garrisoned by a detachment of Cohors II Tungrorum milliaria equitata civium latinorum? The site was re-occupied briefly during the Severan advance.Cohors V Gallorum erected an altar here possibly in the 3rd century.

Britannia XXVII

Gogar Green
NT1771
Two marching camps, one c7.5 ha Britannia XXVIII, p38 (1987)
FALKIRK
Arthurs O’on
NS8782
A tomb or a victory monument? demolished in 1743 Steer, K, Glasgow Archaeological Journal 4, p90-2 (1976)
Bo’ness
NT0081
Marching camp, 2.3 haProceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 89, pp333-5 (1955-6)
Bonnyside
NNS8379
Two expansions on the Antonine Wall – Bonnyside East and Bonnyside West.Britannia XXI, p241 (1990)
Camelon
Colania?
NS8580
Fort (2.9 ha) occupied in the Flavian and Antonine periods. The area appears to have served as the jumping-off point for expeditions beyond the Forth-Clyde isthmus.Fifteen marching camps, including 14.1 ha Flavian?, 10.1 ha Flavian with “Stracathro” gateways and another camp occupying the same area also Flavian with “Stracathro” gateways, plus Antonine and Severan examples (see also Wester Carmuirs).

Keppie, Scotland’s Roman Remains (1990) p183

 

Carriden
Velunia
NT0280
Eastern terminal fort (primary) on the Antonine Wall, 1.6 ha.Richmond & Steer, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 90, pp1-7 (1956-7)
Castlecary
NS7978
Agricolan fort? Primary Antonine Wall fort, 1.6 ha. Garrisoned by Cohors I Fida Vardullorum milliaria equitata civium Romanorum and Cohors I Tungrorum milliaria, but the sequence is not known.

Britannia I, p7 (1973)

Craigarnhall
NS7598
Marching camp 24.5 haJournal of Roman Studies LXVII, p135 (1977)
Dalnair
NS8179
Marching camp, 1.8 ha, close to SeabegsHanson & Maxwell, Rome’s North-West Frontier, Edinburgh (1983)
Dunipace
NS9482
Marching campBritannia XV, p275 (1984)
Falkirk
NS8879
Fort that may have preceded the Antonine Wall; rebuilt when the Wall arrived or demolished Britannia XXIII (1992) p262-263
Garnhall
NS7878 NS7877
Two marching camps, 4.1 ha, size of the other unknown Britannia XXV (1994) pp255-256

Watch tower?

Britannia XXVII

Inveravon
NS9579
Secondary Antonine Wall fort; built on the site of an expansion Three marching camps, 2.8 ha, 2.1 ha and 0.2 ha

Keppie and Walker, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXIX (1989) p143

Kinglass Park
see Bo’ness
Kinneil
NS9780
Antonine Wall mile fortletKeppie, Britannia XIII, (1982)
Lochlands
see Camelon
NS5699 Two marching camps, 10.4 ha Flavian with “Stracathro” gateways and 5.3 ha Flavian?Britannia XV, p275 (1984)
Milnquarter
NS8279
Marching camp, 10.9 haProceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 89, pp329-31 (1955-6)
Mumrills
NS9179
Flavian fort? Primary Antonine Wall fort of 2.9 ha that was garrisoned by Ala I Tungrorum and then by Cohors II Thracum equitata.

Britannia XXVII

NS9279 Marching camp 0.2 haJournal of Roman Studies XLVIII, p89 (1958)
Polmont
NS9478
Two marching camps, one 1.9 haHanson & Maxwell, Rome’s North-West Frontier, Edinburgh (1983)
Rough Castle
NS8479
Secondary Antonine Wall fort 0.6 ha that was garrisoned by Cohors VI NerviorumProceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland pp230-85 (1978-80)

 

Seabegs
NS8179
Antonine Wall mile fortlet and secondary fort? See also DalnairKeppie & Walker, Britannia XII, pp143-62 (1981)
Tentfield East
NS8579
Antonine Wall extension Woolliscroft, Britannia XXVII, pp153-78 (1996)
Tentfield West
NS8479
Antonine Wall extension Woolliscroft, Britannia XXVII, pp153-78 (1996)
Toll Park
NS7777
Marching camp, 1.9 haProceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 89, pp329-30(1955-6)
Watling Lodge
NS8679
Antonine Wall mile fortlet, where the road to Ardoch and the north crosses the Wall.Breeze, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 105, pp166-75 (1972-74)
Wester Carmuirs
NS8580
Marching camp, 5.1 ha (Antonine?) between Camelon and the wall.Hanson & Maxwell, Rome’s North-West Frontier, Edinburgh (1983)
FIFE
Auchtermuchty
NO2411
Marching camp, 24.2 ha Serveran?Proceedings Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXII (1992) pp184-7
Bonnytown
NO5412
Marching camp, 14.2 haJournal of Roman Studies LXIII, p229 (1973)
Carpow
NO2017I, p220-3 (1973)
Flavian enclosure of 45 ha, perhaps associated with joint navy/army operations under Agricola.Severan enclosure of 28 ha, bridgehead for operations over the Tay (see St Madoes)

Frere & St Joseph, Roman Britain from the air, p30-1 (1983)

9.7 ha Severan fortress and held for a brief time in the early 3rd century and garrisoned by vexillations of Legio II Augusta and Legio VI Victrix Britannica pia fidelis.

Journal of Roman Studies LXII

Edenwood
NO3511
Marching camp 25 ha Severan?Britannia X, p447 (1979)
GLASGOW
Bearsden
NS5472
Secondary Antonine Wall fort, 1.2 haBreeze, Studies in Scottish Antiquity, pp32-68 (1984)
HIGHLAND
Cawdor
NH8048
Fort?Britannia XX, p265 (1989)
INVERCLYDE
Lurg Moor
NS2973
Antonine fortlet, 0.2 ha; part of the western coastal extension of the Antonine WallRobertson, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 97 pp198-200 (1963-64)
Outerwards
NS2366
Antonine fortlet, 0.1ha. Part of the western coastal extension of the Antonine Wall.Newall, Glasgow Archaeological Journal 4, p111-23 (1976)
SOUTH LANARKSHIRE
Bankhead
NS9744
Fortlet, 0.2 ha, Flavian?Britannia XVI, p265 (1985)
NS9845 Marching camps 16.8 ha and 12.7 Flavian? haScottish Archaeological Forum XI, p40 Edinburgh (1981)
Beattock Summit
NS9915
Signal station (see also Dumfries & Galloway)Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Lanarkshire, pp118-9
Carnwath
See Bankhead
Carstairs Mains
NS9444
Marching camp 12.4 ha – Antonine? Britannia XV, p276 (1984)
Castledykes
Corda
NS9244
Flavian fort, 3.2 ha, abandoned after the late 80s AD.The site was re-occupied in the Antonine period.

Seven marching camps, 24.5 ha Flavian with “Stracathro” gateways, 19.0 ha, 17 ha, 5.1 ha, 1.0 ha and two of unknown size.

Robertson, The Roman Fort at Castledykes (1964)

Cleghorn
NS9145
Marching camp,17.8 haRoyal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Lanarkshire p128
Cornhill
NT0235
Marching camp, 17.4 ha reduced to 14.0 ha.Glasgow Archaeological Journal IV, pp6-7 (1976)
Coulter
See Cornhill
Crawford
NS9520
Flavian fort, 0.8 ha, abandoned after the late 80s AD.1.1 ha Antonine fort

Three marching camps

Maxwell, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 104 pp147-200 (1971-2)

High Cauldcoats
NS6941
Marching camp, c 5.3 haBritannia XXI, p312 (1990)
Lamington
NS9730
Antonine fortlet, 0.3 ha Marching camp, 8.2 ha Flavian?

Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Lanarkshire pp160

Little Clyde
NS9915
Marching camp, 12.7 haRoyal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Lanarkshire p134-135
Redshaw Burn
NT0313
Antonine fortlet, 0.3 haRoyal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Lanarkshire, pp134-5
Wandel
NS9426
Antonine fortlet, 0.1 ha Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Lanarkshire p136 (1978)

Marching camp

Britannia II, p249 (1971)

Whitemoss
see Bishopston
NORTH LANARKSHIRE
Bar Hill
NS7075
Secondary Antonine Wall fort, 1.4 ha. Garrisoned by Cohors I Hamiorum Sagitttariorum and then by Cohors I Baetasiorum civium Romanorum ob virtutem et fidem.Robertson et al, Bar Hill: a Roman fort and its finds, (BAR 16, 1975)

Marching camp, 0.6 h?

Britannia XVI, p264 (1985)

Bothwellhaugh
NS7357
Antonine fort, 1.7 ha Keppie, Scotland’s Roman Remains (1990) p178
Croy Hill
NS7376
Secondary Antonine Wall fort. 0.8 haMile fortlet, 0.1 ha

Marching camp, construction camp for work on the Antonine Wall ?

Robertson, The Antonine Wall pp65-8 (1979)

Dullatur
NS7476
Two marching camps circa 4 and 1.7 haGlasgow Archaeological Journal V, pp9-12 (1978)
Mollins
NS7171
Flavian fortlet, 0.4 ha, abandoned late 80s AD Hanson and Maxwell, Britannia II (1980) pp43-49
Westerwood
NS7677
Secondary Antonine Wall fort, 1.0 haRobertson, The Antonine Wall pp62-4 (1979)
EAST LOTHIAN
Fala
NT4361
Marching campBritannia XVIII, p38 (1987)
Inveresk
Coria?
NT3472
2.5 ha Antonine fort Britannia XXIV, p280 (1993)
NT3471 Two marching camps, 22.3 ha (Serveran?) and 8.1 haBritannia XVI, p265 (1985)
Pathhead
NT3963
Three marching camps, 66.7 ha (Serveran?, 21.4 ha and 5.3 ha
NT3863 Temporary camp, 1.5 ha, Flavian with “Stracathro” gatewaysMaxwell Britannia XIV (1983) pp167-181
Millburn Tower
see Gogar Green
Smeaton
see Dalkeith
Woodhead
See Pathhead
WEST LOTHIAN
Castle Greg
NT0559
Flavian? fortlet (0.3 ha) the site was occupied during the advance into Scotland, but not during the withdrawal to southern Scotland.Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Midlothian p140
Linlithgow
NT0077
Marching camp?Britannia XXI, p312 (1990)
Livingston
NT0366
Fortlet?Britannia XXIV, p280 (1993)
MORAY
Auchinhove
NJ4651
Marching camp, over 12.0 ha, Flavian with “Stracathro” gatewaysJournal of Roman Studies LXIII, p226-8 (1973)
Balnageith
NJ0257
Fort? c 4.0 haBritannia XXII, p226 (1991)
Bellie
NJ3561
Marching camp, 3.3 haBritannia XVII, p370 (1986)
Muiryfold
NJ4852
Marching camp, 44.1 ha (Serveran?)Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, p143 (1977)
MIDLOTHIAN
Elginhaugh
NT3267
Flavian fort 1.4 ha that was abandoned as a fort circa 86 AD, but used by the army as a collecting point for cattle after this? Hanson, W. S., Across the frontier: addressing the ambiguities, in Roman Frontier Studies 1996, Oxbow, pp373-378

Marching camp, 0.6 ha

Maxwell Britannia XIV (1983) pp167-181

Eskbank
NT3266
Two large marching camps, one Serveran?Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 105, pp141-50 (1972-4)
Carlops
NT1757
Marching camp, 16.9 haBritannia XVII, p371 (1986)
Dalkeith
NT3469
Marching camp Britannia XXVII
PERTH AND KINROSS
Abernethy
NO1716
Marching camp, 45.9 ha, Flavian?Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, p140 (1977)
Ardoch
Alauna
NN8309
A two period? Flavian fort of 1.7 ha and later 3.2 ha. After the abandonment of Inchtuthill in the mid 80s AD it formed part of the Gask Ridge frontier until that was abandoned in the late 80s AD. At some stage during the Flavian period the garrison was Cohors I Hispanorum equitata.In the Antonine period the fort was an outpost for the Wall, 3.2 ha, but later reduced to 2.3 ha.

Seven marching camps, including ones of 52.6 ha Severan?, 25.5 ha, 13.3 ha, 11.9 ha Flavian? and 5.5 ha Flavian?

Keppie, Scotland’s Roman Remains 1986 p182

Britannia XXV (1994) p 255

 

Ardunie
NN9418
Gask Ridge system watch tower Crawford Topography of Roman Scotland, Cambridge (1949)
Bertha
NO0926
Flavian fort abandoned after Inchtuthil in the late 80s AD. The site was reoccupied in the Antonine period and was the most northerly outpost fort for the Antonine Wall.Adamson & Gallagher, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 116, pp195-204 (1986)
Blackhill Wood
NN8410
Gask Ridge system signal station St Joseph Journal of Roman Studies 67 pp125-61 (1977)
Blackhill
NO1739
Signal station associated with the fortress at Inchtuthill.Richmond, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 74, pp37-40 (1939-40)
NO2946 Marching camp, 52.4 ha – Severan?Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, pp140-43 (1977)
Cargill
NO1637
Flavian fort. c 2.0 ha, abandoned by the mid 80s AD.Britannia XIII, pp335-6 (1982)
Cargill Mains
NO1637
Flavian fortlet 0.7 haJournal of Roman Studies LXVIII, p91 (1958)
Craigens
See Roundlaw
Cuiltburn
NN8917
Roman site? Britannia XXVII (1996) p396 and
The Roman Gask Project 
Dalginross
Bannatia
NN7721
Flavian “Highland Line” fort, 2.4 ha, abandoned in the mid 80s AD.Marching camp, 9.5 ha, Flavian with “Stracathro” gateways.

Frere & St Joseph, Roman Britain from the air, p129-31 (1983)

 

Dornock
NN8719
Marching camp, 9.3 haJournal of Roman Studies 63, p229 (1973) and
The Roman Gask Project
Dunning
NO0215
Marching camp, 47.3 ha, Flavian?Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, p218-9 (1973)
East Mid Lamberkin
NO0722
Temporary camp (possibly a training site), 0.4 ha, Flavian?The Roman Gask Project
Fendoch
NN9128
Flavian “Highland Line” fort, 1.8 ha, The site was abandoned in the mid 80s AD.Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 73, pp1110-54 (1938-9)
Forteviot
NO0317
Marching camp, 25.1 haProceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 84, p217 (1952)
Gask House
NN9919
Gask Ridge system watch tower Marching camp, 2.0 ha

Robertson Trans Perthshire Society of Natural Sciences (1974) pp14-29

Glenbank
NN8105
Flavian fortlet, 0.1 haBritannia XV, p273 (1984)
Gourdie
NO1042 NO1142
Temporary campQuarry for Inchtuthil fortress

Marching camp, 1.5 ha

Pitts and St Joseph Inchtuthil. The Roman legionary fortress excavations, 1952-1965 Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies (1985)

Grassy Walls
NO1028
Marching camp (Severan), 52.2 ha, at the crossing of the Tay.Journal of Roman Studies XLVIII, p91 (1958)
Greenloaning
NN8307
Watch tower; on the road between Ardoch and Glenbank Britannia XXVII (1996) p396
Huntingtower
NO0724
Gask Ridge system watch tower Frere Britannia XVII (1986) pp364-427
Inchtuthil
Victoria?
NO1239
Flavian legionary fortress, 21.7 ha. Construction started circa 83 AD and was abandoned circa 87 AD. Garrisoned by Legio XX Valeria Victrix. See Hassall for alternative suggestion that the garrison was II Adiutrix.Two construction camps and a stores compound for the fortress.

Pitts and St Joseph Inchtuthil. The Roman legionary fortress excavations, 1952-1965 Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies (1985)

Hassall, M., Pre-Hadrianic legionary dispositions in Roman Fortresses and their legions, ed Brewer, London & Cardiff 2000

 

Innerpeffray
NN9118
Two marching camps, 55 ha ( Severan?) and 25.5 ha.Journal of Roman Studies LIX, p116 (1969)

 

Kaims Castle
NN8612
Flavian fortlet, 0.1 ha, part of the Gask Ridge system.The Roman Gask Project
Kinnell
NO6150
Marching camp, 25.4 haJournal of Roman Studies LXVII, p140 (1977)
Kirkhill
NN9618
Gask Ridge system watch tower Christison Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland XXV (1901) pp15-43
Lintrose
NO2237
Marching camp, 22.3 haJournal of Roman Studies LXIII, p230 (1973)
Midgate
see Thorny Hill
Moss Side
NO0019
Gask Ridge system watch tower Christison Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland XXV (1901) pp15-43
Muir O’Fauld
NN9818
Gask Ridge system watch tower Christison Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland XXV (1901) pp15-43
North Blackruthven
See Huntingtower
Oathlaw
NO4555
Marching camp, 52.6 ha (Severan?).Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, p143 (1977)
Parkneuk
NN9118
Gask Ridge system watch tower Robertson Trans Perthshire Society of Natural Sciences (1974) pp14-29

 

Peel
NO0623
Gask Ridge system watch tower? Hanson and Friell Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXV (1995) pp499-519
Raith
NN9318
Gask Ridge system watch tower Christison Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland XXV (1901) pp15-43
Roundlaw
NN9518
Gask Ridge system watch tower Hanson and Friell Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXV (1995) pp499-519
Scone Park
NO1027
Marching camp, 25.5 haJournal of Roman Studies LXIII, p230 (1973)
Shielhill North
NN8512
Gask Ridge system watch tower St Joseph Journal of Roman Studies (1973) pp214-46
Shielhill South
NN8511
Gask Ridge system watch tower St Joseph Journal of Roman Studies (1977) pp125-61
Sma’ Glen
NN9028
Watch tower (?) for Fendoch fort, Flavian Keppie, Scotland’s Roman Remains, p157 (1986)

 

St Madoes
NO2019
Serveran? marching camp, opposite Carpow Frere and St Joseph, Roman Britain from the air
Steedstalls
See Gourdie
Stracathro
NO6165
Flavian fort, 2.6 ha that was abandoned around 87 AD Britannia I, p273 (1970)

Flavian marching camp, 15.7 ha. The type site for “Stracathro” gateways.

Britannia I, pp171-5 (1970)

Strageath
NN8918
1.8 ha Flavian fort on the road to Inchtuthil and part of the Gask Ridge system and abandoned late 80s AD.Outpost fort (1.8 ha) for the Antonine Wall.

Frere & Wilkes, Strageath: excavations within the Roman fort 1973-86 London (1989)

Marching camp 13.5 ha

Scottish Archaeological Forum XII, p41 Edinburgh (1981)

 

Thorny Hill
NO0220
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Wooliscroft “Signalling and design of the Gask Ridge frontier” Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXIII (1994) Fortlet, Flavian?Hanson and Friell Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXV (1995) pp 499-519
Upper Quoigs
NN8206
Not an archaeological site Britannia XXVIII (1997) p 406
West Mains
See Huntingtower
Westerton
NN8714
Gask Ridge system watch tower Hanson and Friell Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXV (1995) pp499-519
Westmuir
NO0220
Gask Ridge system watch tower Hanson and Friell Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXV (1995) pp499-519
Witch Knowe
NN9919
Gask Ridge system watch tower Christison Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland XXV (1901) pp15-43
Woodlea
See Greenloaning
RENFREWSHIRE
Barochan
Coria?
NS4169
Flavian fort, 1.4 ha, with two occupation periods. Britannia XVII, p371 (1986)
Barochan Hill
see Barochan
Bishopton
NS4172
Antonine fort, 1.8 ha, located on the Clyde west of the Antonine Wall. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 83, pp28-32 (1948-9)
SCOTTISH BORDERS
Blainslie
NT5544
Marching camp, 19.0 ha, Antonine?Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, p217 (1973)
Brownhart Law
NT7909
Signal station, one of a group of sites at Chew Green, Northumberland, The tower may have provided a link to Newstead via others at Rubers Law and Eldon North Hill.Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Roxburghshire pp378-9 (1956)
Cappuck
NT6921
Flavian fortlet, 0.6 ha, with two occupation periods that was held until the withdrawal to the Stanegate frontier. It was re-occupied during the Antonine period (0.7 ha) and retained as an outpost fort for Hadrian’s Wall until circa 180 AD. In the late 2nd century it may have been garrisoned by the Vexillatio Raetorum Gaesatorum.Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Roxburghshire pp381-3 (1956)
NT6920 One marching camp. See also Ulston Moor for other camps close by
Castlecraig
NT1244
Two marching camps, 17 + ha (Severan?) and at least 3.5 ha.Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Peebleshire II p365 (1967)
Cavers Mains
NT5416
Marching camp, 15.0 haJournal of Roman Studies LIX, p78 (1965)
Channelkirk
NT4754
Two marching camps, one of 66.5 ha Severan? St. Joseph, Journal of Roman Studies 51 p121 (1961)
Craik Cross
NT3004
Signal station (the site extends into Dumfries and Galloway)Richmond, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 80 pp103-17 (1945-6)
Denholm
NT5417
Marching camp, 11.2 ha Flavian?Journal of Roman Studies LI, p122 (1961)
Easter Happrew
?Carbantoritum
NT1940
A Flavian fort of 1.7 ha acres abandoned in the late 80s AD. See also Lyne.Steer, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 90 pp93-101 (1956-7)
Easter Langlee
NT5236
Shrine? Steer, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 90 pp320-1 (1964-66)
Eildon Hill North
NT5532
Antonine signal station that may have been part of a communication system for Newstead (see also Rubers Law and Brownhart Law).Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Roxburghshire pp306-10 (1956)
Eshiels
NT2839
Two marching camps, 11.2 and 6.6 ha, both Flavian? Britannia XXVII
Innerleithen
NT3336
Marching camp, at least 15 ha Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Peeblesshire I, p171-2 (1977)
Kaimhouse
NT1649
Marching camp of 14.0 ha plus Britannia XXIV, p284 (199)
Kedslie
NT5540
Marching camp, 7.3 ha Britannia XVIII, p37 (1987)
Lyne
?Carbantoritum
NT1840
An Antonine period fort of 2.7 ha, possibly garrisoned by a milliary auxiliary regiment. The fort was succeeded by Antonine fortlet, 0.1 ha. The site may have performed the same strategic role in the Antonine period as the Flavian fort at Easter Happrew south of Lyne Water
NT2040 Two marching camps, 19.0 ha Antonine? and 10.9 ha Flavian? Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Peeblesshire I pp171-75
Maxton
NT6130
Marching camp Journal of Roman Studies LV, p78 (1965)
Milrighall
NT5326
Marching camp, 10.9 ha Britannia IX, p418 (1978)
Newstead
Trimontium
NT5734
A Flavian fort of 4.3 ha that was enlarged to 5.8 ha in the late 80s AD to act as the anchor for the eastern side of the new frontier zone. The Flavian garrison may have been Ala Petriana and a vexillation from Legio VIIII Hispana.The site was re-occupied during the Antonine period by a 6.0 ha turf and timber fort, capable of accomodating 1,500 men. This was replaced by a stone fort of c4.0 ha, which appears to have had a supply/industrial role. Towards the end of the Antonine period the fort was extended again in stone to an area of again c6.0 ha and became a more front line military site, this site declined in use and was abandoned c180 AD. The Antonine garrison may have been Ala Augusta Vocontiorum CR with a vexillation of Legio XX Valeria Victrix.

Five marching camps, one of 66.5 ha the mustering point for Severus’ invasion of Scotland? and others of 19.8 ha and 16.7 ha.

See also Brownhart Law, Rubers Law and Eildon North Hill.

Britannia XXV

North Slipperford
NT1352
Marching camp, at least 11.0 ha Britannia XXVII
Oakwood
NT4225
A Flavian fort of 1.9 ha that was abandoned in the retreat to the Stanegate frontier circa 100 AD. Marching camp, 16.1 ha

Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Selkirkshire 99-102

Oxton
NT4954
Fortlet of 0.2 ha, Flavian or Antonine Britannia XV, p276 (1984)
Pennymuir
NT7513
A complex of four marching camps. The sizes of three are 17.0 ha Antonine?, 3.7 ha and 6.1 ha.Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Roxburghshire pp375- 77
Rubers Law
NT5815
Antonine signal station that may have been part of a communication system for Newstead (see also Eildon North and Brownhart Law).Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Roxburghshire pp306-10 (1956)
St Boswells
NT6031
Two marching camps, 21.6 ha Antonine? and 5.5 haHanson & Maxwell, Rome’s North-West Frontier, Edinburgh (1983)
St Leonards
NT5445
Marching camp, 66.5 ha Severan?Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Roxburghshire I, pp312 (1956)
Tocherknowe
NT1452
FortletBritannia XXIV, p283 (1993)
Ulston Moor
NT6922
NT6821
Four marching camps, close to Cappuck, sizes of three are 19 ha, 7.8 ha and 2.2 haHanson & Maxwell, Rome’s North-West Frontier, Edinburgh (1983)
Woden Law
NT7612
Practice? siege works at small hillfortRoyal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Roxburghshire I, pp169-172 (1956)
STIRLING
Callander
See Bochastle
Bochastle
?Bannatia
NN6107
Flavian “Highland Line” fort, 1.9 haBritannia III, p13-14 (1972)

Two marching camps, one 19.5 ha Flavian, with “Stracathro” entrance

Britannia XVIII, p29 (1987)

 

Doune
NN7201
A Flavian fort of 2.6 ha that was abandoned in the late 80s AD. The fort guarded the point where the Roman road from Camelon to Ardoch crossed the river Teith.Maxwell, Britannia XV (1984) pp217-223
Drumquhassle
Lindum
NS4887
Flavian “Highland Line” fort, 1.2 ha. It was abandoned in the mid 80s AD.Maxwell, Britannia XIV (1983) pp167-181
Dunblane
NN7700
Two marching camps, 13.2 ha and 5.8 ha Flavian? Robertson, Glasgow Archaeological Journal (1969) pp35f
Hillside
See Dunblane
Lake of Menteith
see Malling
Malling
?Lindum
NS5600
Flavian “Highland Line” fort of 2.7 ha that was abandoned in the mid 80s AD. Journal of Roman Studies LIX, p109-10 (1969)

Leave a Reply

Your e-mail address will not be published.


This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Contact Us
close slider