Roman Military Sites in Wales

English names, Roman names where known, four figure map reference, site type, size, and history, including garrisons and associated military units. Where there is uncertainty over identification of an element a ? is used after the element: a ? before a Roman name means that the form of the name is uncertain, but that it is linked to that site.

The Gazetteer is organised by Counties and unitary authorities

Carmarthenshire • Cardiff • Caerphilly • Ceredigion • Conway • Denbighshire • Flintshire • Gwynedd • Isle of Anglesey • Monmouthshire • Neath, Port Talbot • Newport • Powys • Rhonda, Cynon, Taff • Swansea • Vale of Glamorgan • Wrexham

CARMARTHENSHIRE	Arosfa Gareg SN8026	Marching camp, 18.0 ha Frere S. S., Britannia, 1978, p121
	Careg y Bwci SN6447	Signal tower?Davies, J. L. ‘Careg y Bwci: a Roman watch tower?’, Archaeologia Cambrensis 1988, pp147-53
	Carmarthen Moridunum SN4120	Two forts ( Flavian – c 120 AD) with four occupation phases Britannia XXV (1994) p248-9
	Dolaucothi See Pumpsaint
	Llandovery Alabum? SN7635	2.4 ha fort , Neronian?, definitely occupied late 1st century and abandoned c 160 AD. Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp95-6
	Pant-teg-Uchaf SN6449	Training site with two practice camps or fortlets Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp126-30
	Pumpsaint Luentinum? SN6540	A Flavian fort (1.9 ha) that was succeeded by a stone fort (0.9 ha) that was built c 120 AD and abandoned c 150 AD Camarthanshire Antiquary X, 1974, pp3-12

CARDIFF	Cardiff Tamius? ST1876	Pre-Flavian fort occupied until the end of the 1st century. In the late 3rd century a stone fort of typical late Roman design was built only to be abandoned at the end of the 4th century. The visible fort is a Victorian reconstruction. Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p34

CAERPHILLY	Caerphilly ST1688	Flavian fort (1.2 ha) abandoned c 120 AD.Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p32
	Gelligaer ST1397	A Flavian fort abandoned c 120 AD. A smaller stone fort succeeded it, but was abandoned in the middle of the 2nd century.
	ST1398	Practice camps
	ST1198	Practice camps
		Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p53

CEREDIGION	Erglodd SN6590	Flavian fortlet, 0.2 ha that was abandoned early in the 2nd century. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies XVIII, 1980, pp719-29
	Llanio Bremia SN6456	Flavian fort of 1.8 ha that was abandoned c 120 AD. The garrison during the 2nd century was Cohors II Asturum equitata.Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, p129
	Pen-llwyn SN6580	2.9 ha fort, Flavian? occupied until c 120 AD Britannia IX (1978) p408
	Trawscoed SN6772	Flavian fort (2.4 ha) abandoned c 120 AD Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p76

CONWAY	Caerhun Canovium SH7770	Flavian fort (2.0 ha) that was abandoned during the middle of the 2nd century. The site was re-used during the 4th century, but abandoned again by the beginning of the 5th century. Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p14
	Cerrigydrudion SH9548	Fort? Britannia XXXI, 2000, p372
	Bryn-y-Gefeiliau SH7457	Late Flavian fort. 1.6 ha, abandoned c 120 ADNash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp51-4

DENBIGHSHIRE	Prestatyn SJ0681	Two forts? Britannia XVI (1985) pp324-5
	Ruthin SJ1058	Fort? Flavian occupied until circa 100 AD
	SJ1358	Military site linked to the one above? Waddelove, Waddelove and Jones Britannia XX (1989) pp249-254, also pp258-259 Britannia XXVII (1996) p390

FLINTSHIRE	Ffridd SJ2854	Fort Britannia XX, 1989, pp258-9
FLINTSHIRE	Frith see Ffridd

GWYNEDD	Aberffraw SH3569	1st century? fort, with two occupation phases Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies XVIII, 1980, pp319-42
GWYNEDD	Brithdir SH7718	Flavian fortlet, 0.3 ha, abandoned c 120 AD. In 1976 an excavation lead by R. B. White for the Gwyned Archaeological Trust found evidence of lead smelting and tanning being carried out by the garrison of the fort. Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp130-31
	Caer Gai SH8731	Flavian fort, 1.7 ha that was abandoned c 120 AD;. It was garrisoned by Cohors I Nerviorum. The fort may have succeeded the pre-Flavian fort at Llanfor. Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p11
	Caernarfon Segontium SH4862	Flavian fort (2.3 ha) continued in occupation until the end of the 4th century. Garrisoned by Cohors I Sunucorum in the early 3rd century(?) and by the Seguntienses (late 4th century) .Fortlet or works depot Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p15
	Derwydd-Bach SH4745	Marching camp Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, 1973, p241
	Doldinas SH7337	Training site, with five practice camps, all no larger than 0.2 haFrere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p29
	Hen Waliau SH4862	FortletRCAHMW, Caernarvonshire Volume 2: Central, 1960
	Llanfor SH9336	Fort (3.6 ha) abandoned by 80 AD, possibly replaced by Caer Gai. Supply depot, 1.2 ha with a watch tower(?) in its north west corner Two overlapping marching camps, one of 11 ha, the other about 3 ha Britannia XXIX, 1998, pp368-9
	Llety Canol SH7818	Signal tower Britannia XXVIII, 1997, p399
	Llwyn-Crwn SH7138	Training site with two practice camps, 0.8 ha and 0.1 ha Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p51
	Llyn Hiraethlyn SH7436	Four practice camps Britannia XXVIII, 1997, pp397-9
	Pen Llystyn SH4844	1.8 ha Flavian fort that was succeeded by a Flavian fortlet. Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p62
	Pennal SH7000	1.7 ha Flavian fort, abandoned c 120 AD. Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p62
	Pen-y-Gwryd SH6555	Marching camp (4.0 ha)Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p63
	Rhyd Sarn SH8627	Training site with two practice camps (0.2 ha and 0.4 ha) Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p65
	Tomen-y-Mur SH7038	Flavian fort(1.7 h) succeeded by a stone fort (1.3 ha) built early 2nd century and abandoned c 120.
	SH7138	Training site with two very small practice camps Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p76

ISLE OF ANGLESEY	Caer Gybi SH2482	Fortlet on the coast at Holyhead harbour, 0.3 ha, 4th century? Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp135-7
	Caer y Twr See Holyhead Mountain
	Holyhead Mountain SH2182	4th century watch tower Britannia XIII (1982) p328

MONMOUTHSHIRE	Abergavenny Gobannium SO2914	Neronian fort? Flavian fort abandoned c 120 ADNash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, p45
	Monmouth Blestium SO5012	Flavian fort? Britannia XIX, 1988, p423
	Trostrey SO3604	Two forts (?) Britannia XXVIII, 1997, p400
	Usk Burrium SO3700	20 ha Neronian legionary fortress. There is evidence for Legio XX Valeria Victrix as the garrison, but a tile stamped Legio II Augusta has been found on the site. The fortress was succeeded by a fort or works depot of Flavian date that was occupied until circa 120AD. The garrison of the fortress may have included cavalry from an ala or cohors equitata. Manning Report on the excavations at Usk 1965-1976 University of Wales Press (1981) Britannia XXVII (1996) pp51-110 Hassall, M., Pre-Hadrianic legionary dispositions in Roman Fortresses and their legions, ed Brewer, London & Cardiff 2000

NEATH, PORT TALBOT	Blaen-cwm-Bach SS7998	Marching camp, 24.4 haAgache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p27
	Coelbren SN8510	Flavian fort abandoned c 120 AD
	SN8610	Marching camp Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p39
	Carn Caca SN8300	Marching campRCAHMW Glamorgan Volume 1 Part 2 , 1976
	Hirfynydd SN8104	Watch tower? Britannia XXV (1994) p250
	Melyn Court See Carn Caca
	Neath Nidum SS7497	Flavian fort abandoned c 120 AD; the site was re-used as a fort? during the late 3rd century Britannia XXV (1994) p250
	Rheola Forest See Hirfynydd

NEWPORT	Bulmore ST3791	Fortlet Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, p81
NEWPORT	Cat’s Ash see Bulmore
	Coed y Caerau see Bulmore
	Caerleon Isca ST3390	20 ha Flavian legionary fortress, established c 75 AD and rebuilt in stone starting c 100 AD. The fortress was occupied from its foundation until the late 3rd century by Legio II Augusta, although often not at full strength given the legion’s building work on the two northern walls and its commitments at Corbridge. gache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p32

POWYS	Abertanat SJ2420	Pre-Flavian fort? part of a complex of sites that also includes Clawdd Coch and Llansantffraid Britannia XXV (1994) p246
	Allt yr Hafod-Fawr SN8131	Two practice camps, close to Y PigwnBritannia XXIX, 1998, pp366-367
	Clawdd Coch SJ2519	Marching camp
	SJ2420	Marching camp; The camps are part of a complex of sites that also includes Abertanant and Llansantffraid Britannia XXV (1994) p246
	Buelah See Caerau
	Brecon Gaer See Y Gaer
	Cae-Gaer SN8281	Flavian fort, 1.1 haFrere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p14
	Caerau SN9250	Flavian fort, 1.7 ha, abandoned c 120 – 150
	SN9150	Marching camp, 14.8 ha
	SN9249	Training site, 0.1 haFrere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p14
	Caersws SO0492	Pre-Flavian fort
	SO0292	Flavian fort of 3.1 ha. Remained occupied until the early 4th century. Tiles stamped by Cohors I Celtiberorum equitata found on the site, this unit is recorded in Britain in the first half of the 2nd century, and a shard of samian with a possible scratched name referring to a cohort of Asturians. Britannia XXVI, 1995, p388 – samian
	Castell Collen SO0562	Flavian fort (2.0 ha;) followed by a smaller fort (1.4 ha) that was occupied until the early 3rd century. Journal of Roman Studies XLVII, 1957 p227
	Clyro SO2243	Pre-Flavian fortress, 10.4 ha, with evidence of two occupation periods; may have succeeded Clifford (Hereford and Worcester) Marching camp Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp77-80
	Colwyn SN1054	Pre-Flavian fort?
	Dolau Gaer SO0166	Pre-Flavian fort (1.7 ha)?Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp138-40
	Esgairperfedd SN9269	Marching camp (6.8 ha)Journal of Roman Studies LIX, 1969, pp123-5
	Forden Gaer Levobrinta? SO2098	Flavian fort (3.3 ha) occupied until the late 4th century and although it was re-constructed on several occasions, it never received stone defences. Britannia VII (1976) p296
	Glanmiheli SO1590	Marching camp (c 4.5 ha)Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, 1973, p235
	Harpton SO2360	Signal tower (?)Britannia XXIX, 1998, p374
	Hindwell Farm SO2560 SO2559	Pre-Flavian fort (2.3 ha) abandoned in the late 1st century. Four marching camps, 17.7 ha, 2.4 ha, 3.1 ha and 2.1 ha Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p79
	Llandrindod Common SO0560 SO0559	Training site with 18 practice camps Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp126-130
	Llanfair Caerinion SJ1004	Fort
	Llansantffraid SJ2220	Pre-Flavian supply base with polygonal ground plan; it has been suggested that it dates from Didius Gallus’s campaign against Caratacus; part of a complex of sites that also includes Abertanant and Clawdd Coch Britannia XXV (1994) p246
	Llwyn-y-Brain SO0492	Pre-Flavian fort (4.1 ha) may have preceded the pre-Flavian fort at Caersws. Britannia XV (1984) p267
	Nantmel SO0268	Marching camp? Browne, D., & Hogg, A. H. A., Archaeology in Wales 27, 1987
	Pen y Crogbren SN8593	Hadrianic fortlet (0.1 ha)Frere S. S., and St Joseph J. K., Roman Britain from the air, 1983, p139
	Pen-Min-Cae SO0053	Flavian fortlet (0.1 ha) abandoned late 1st centuryJournal of Roman Studies LXIII, 1973, p241
	Pen-y-Gaer SO1621	Flavian fort abandoned c 120 AD Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp108-110
	Trefal see Nantmel
	St Harmon SN9871	Marching camp (7.7 ha) Journal of Roman Studies LIX, 1969, pp123-5
	Walton see Hindwell Farm
	Y Gaer Cicucium SO0029	Flavian fort, the defences of which were re-built in stone in the mid 2nd century. It was occupied until the late 4th century and garrisoned during the late 1st century by Ala Hispanorum Vettonum CR Archaeology in Wales XXXIII, 1993
	Y Pigwn SN8231	Two slightly overlapping pre-Flavian? marching camps
		Fortlet Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969. pp124-5
	Ystradfellte SN9216	Marching camp Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp125-6
RHONDA, CYNON, TAFF	Pen-y-Coedcae ST0687	Marching camp RCAHMW, Glamorgan Volume 1 Part 1, 1976, p99
	Twyn-y-Bridallt ST0098	Marching camp Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p100
	Pen-y-Darren SO0506	Flavian fort abandoned c 120 AD Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p79

SWANSEA	Pen-y-Waun SS6097	Training site, with two practice camps RCAHMW Glamorgan Vol 1 pt 2, 1976
	Stafford Common SS5997	Training site RCAHMW, Glamorgan Volume 1 Part 2, 1976, p101
	Loughor Leucarum SS5697	Flavian fort abandoned in the middle of the 2nd century; the site was re-used as a fort? from the late 3rd until the early 4th century Fortlet early 2nd century Archaeologia Cambrensis 1974, pp99-146

VALE OF GLAMORGAN	Cowbridge Bovium? SS9974	Flavian fort? Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p41

WREXHAM	Holt Bovium? SJ4054	A pottery covering 8 ha operated by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix from the end of the 1st century until c 250 AD Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p43