Roman Military Sites in WalesThe Gazetteer is organised by Counties and unitary authorities Carmarthenshire • Cardiff • Caerphilly • Ceredigion • Conway • Denbighshire • Flintshire • Gwynedd • Isle of Anglesey • Monmouthshire • Neath, Port Talbot • Newport • Powys • Rhonda, Cynon, Taff • Swansea • Vale of Glamorgan • Wrexham
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CARMARTHENSHIRE |
Arosfa Gareg SN8026 |
Marching camp, 18.0 ha Frere S. S., Britannia, 1978, p121 | |
Careg y Bwci SN6447 |
Signal tower?Davies, J. L. ‘Careg y Bwci: a Roman watch tower?’, Archaeologia Cambrensis 1988, pp147-53 | ||
Carmarthen Moridunum SN4120 |
Two forts ( Flavian – c 120 AD) with four occupation phases Britannia XXV (1994) p248-9 | ||
Dolaucothi See Pumpsaint |
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Llandovery Alabum? SN7635 |
2.4 ha fort , Neronian?, definitely occupied late 1st century and abandoned c 160 AD. Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp95-6 | ||
Pant-teg-Uchaf SN6449 |
Training site with two practice camps or fortlets Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp126-30 | ||
Pumpsaint Luentinum? SN6540 |
A Flavian fort (1.9 ha) that was succeeded by a stone fort (0.9 ha) that was built c 120 AD and abandoned c 150 AD Camarthanshire Antiquary X, 1974, pp3-12 | ||
CARDIFF |
Cardiff Tamius? ST1876 |
Pre-Flavian fort occupied until the end of the 1st century. In the late 3rd century a stone fort of typical late Roman design was built only to be abandoned at the end of the 4th century. The visible fort is a Victorian reconstruction. Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p34
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CAERPHILLY |
Caerphilly ST1688 |
Flavian fort (1.2 ha) abandoned c 120 AD.Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p32 | |
Gelligaer ST1397 |
A Flavian fort abandoned c 120 AD. A smaller stone fort succeeded it, but was abandoned in the middle of the 2nd century. | ||
ST1398 | Practice camps | ||
ST1198 | Practice camps | ||
Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p53 | |||
CEREDIGION |
Erglodd SN6590 |
Flavian fortlet, 0.2 ha that was abandoned early in the 2nd century. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies XVIII, 1980, pp719-29 | |
Llanio Bremia SN6456 |
Flavian fort of 1.8 ha that was abandoned c 120 AD. The garrison during the 2nd century was Cohors II Asturum equitata.Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, p129 | ||
Pen-llwyn SN6580 |
2.9 ha fort, Flavian? occupied until c 120 AD Britannia IX (1978) p408 | ||
Trawscoed SN6772 |
Flavian fort (2.4 ha) abandoned c 120 AD Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p76 | ||
CONWAY |
Caerhun Canovium SH7770 |
Flavian fort (2.0 ha) that was abandoned during the middle of the 2nd century. The site was re-used during the 4th century, but abandoned again by the beginning of the 5th century. Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p14 | |
Cerrigydrudion SH9548 |
Fort? Britannia XXXI, 2000, p372 | ||
Bryn-y-Gefeiliau SH7457 |
Late Flavian fort. 1.6 ha, abandoned c 120 ADNash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp51-4 | ||
DENBIGHSHIRE |
Prestatyn SJ0681 |
Two forts? Britannia XVI (1985) pp324-5 | |
Ruthin SJ1058 |
Fort? Flavian occupied until circa 100 AD | ||
SJ1358 | Military site linked to the one above? Waddelove, Waddelove and Jones Britannia XX (1989) pp249-254, also pp258-259
Britannia XXVII (1996) p390 |
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FLINTSHIRE |
Ffridd SJ2854 |
Fort Britannia XX, 1989, pp258-9 | |
Frith see Ffridd |
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GWYNEDD |
Aberffraw SH3569 |
1st century? fort, with two occupation phases Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies XVIII, 1980, pp319-42 | |
Brithdir SH7718 |
Flavian fortlet, 0.3 ha, abandoned c 120 AD. In 1976 an excavation lead by R. B. White for the Gwyned Archaeological Trust found evidence of lead smelting and tanning being carried out by the garrison of the fort.
Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp130-31 |
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Caer Gai SH8731 |
Flavian fort, 1.7 ha that was abandoned c 120 AD;. It was garrisoned by Cohors I Nerviorum. The fort may have succeeded the pre-Flavian fort at Llanfor. Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p11 | ||
Caernarfon Segontium SH4862 |
Flavian fort (2.3 ha) continued in occupation until the end of the 4th century. Garrisoned by Cohors I Sunucorum in the early 3rd century(?) and by the Seguntienses (late 4th century) .Fortlet or works depot
Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p15 |
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Derwydd-Bach SH4745 |
Marching camp Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, 1973, p241 | ||
Doldinas SH7337 |
Training site, with five practice camps, all no larger than 0.2 haFrere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p29 | ||
Hen Waliau SH4862 |
FortletRCAHMW, Caernarvonshire Volume 2: Central, 1960 | ||
Llanfor SH9336 |
Fort (3.6 ha) abandoned by 80 AD, possibly replaced by Caer Gai. Supply depot, 1.2 ha with a watch tower(?) in its north west corner
Two overlapping marching camps, one of 11 ha, the other about 3 ha Britannia XXIX, 1998, pp368-9 |
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Llety Canol SH7818 |
Signal tower Britannia XXVIII, 1997, p399 | ||
Llwyn-Crwn SH7138 |
Training site with two practice camps, 0.8 ha and 0.1 ha Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p51 | ||
Llyn Hiraethlyn SH7436 |
Four practice camps Britannia XXVIII, 1997, pp397-9 | ||
Pen Llystyn SH4844 |
1.8 ha Flavian fort that was succeeded by a Flavian fortlet. Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p62 | ||
Pennal SH7000 |
1.7 ha Flavian fort, abandoned c 120 AD. Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p62 | ||
Pen-y-Gwryd SH6555 |
Marching camp (4.0 ha)Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p63 | ||
Rhyd Sarn SH8627 |
Training site with two practice camps (0.2 ha and 0.4 ha) Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p65 | ||
Tomen-y-Mur SH7038 |
Flavian fort(1.7 h) succeeded by a stone fort (1.3 ha) built early 2nd century and abandoned c 120. | ||
SH7138 | Training site with two very small practice camps Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p76 | ||
ISLE OF ANGLESEY |
Caer Gybi SH2482 |
Fortlet on the coast at Holyhead harbour, 0.3 ha, 4th century? Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp135-7 | |
Caer y Twr See Holyhead Mountain |
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Holyhead Mountain SH2182 |
4th century watch tower Britannia XIII (1982) p328 | ||
MONMOUTHSHIRE |
Abergavenny Gobannium SO2914 |
Neronian fort? Flavian fort abandoned c 120 ADNash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, p45 | |
Monmouth Blestium SO5012 |
Flavian fort? Britannia XIX, 1988, p423 | ||
Trostrey SO3604 |
Two forts (?) Britannia XXVIII, 1997, p400 | ||
Usk Burrium SO3700 |
20 ha Neronian legionary fortress. There is evidence for Legio XX Valeria Victrix as the garrison, but a tile stamped Legio II Augusta has been found on the site. The fortress was succeeded by a fort or works depot of Flavian date that was occupied until circa 120AD. The garrison of the fortress may have included cavalry from an ala or cohors equitata.
Manning Report on the excavations at Usk 1965-1976 University of Wales Press (1981) Britannia XXVII (1996) pp51-110 Hassall, M., Pre-Hadrianic legionary dispositions in Roman Fortresses and their legions, ed Brewer, London & Cardiff 2000 |
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NEATH, PORT TALBOT |
Blaen-cwm-Bach SS7998 |
Marching camp, 24.4 haAgache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p27 | |
Coelbren SN8510 |
Flavian fort abandoned c 120 AD | ||
SN8610 | Marching camp Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p39 | ||
Carn Caca SN8300 |
Marching campRCAHMW Glamorgan Volume 1 Part 2 , 1976 | ||
Hirfynydd SN8104 |
Watch tower? Britannia XXV (1994) p250 | ||
Melyn Court See Carn Caca |
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Neath Nidum SS7497 |
Flavian fort abandoned c 120 AD; the site was re-used as a fort? during the late 3rd century Britannia XXV (1994) p250 | ||
Rheola Forest See Hirfynydd |
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NEWPORT |
Bulmore ST3791 |
Fortlet Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, p81 | |
Cat’s Ash see Bulmore |
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Coed y Caerau see Bulmore |
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Caerleon Isca ST3390 |
20 ha Flavian legionary fortress, established c 75 AD and rebuilt in stone starting c 100 AD. The fortress was occupied from its foundation until the late 3rd century by Legio II Augusta, although often not at full strength given the legion’s building work on the two northern walls and its commitments at Corbridge. gache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p32
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POWYS |
Abertanat SJ2420 |
Pre-Flavian fort? part of a complex of sites that also includes Clawdd Coch and Llansantffraid Britannia XXV (1994) p246 | |
Allt yr Hafod-Fawr SN8131 |
Two practice camps, close to Y PigwnBritannia XXIX, 1998, pp366-367 | ||
Clawdd Coch SJ2519 |
Marching camp | ||
SJ2420 | Marching camp; The camps are part of a complex of sites that also includes Abertanant and Llansantffraid Britannia XXV (1994) p246 | ||
Buelah See Caerau |
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Brecon Gaer See Y Gaer |
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Cae-Gaer SN8281 |
Flavian fort, 1.1 haFrere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p14 | ||
Caerau SN9250 |
Flavian fort, 1.7 ha, abandoned c 120 – 150 | ||
SN9150 | Marching camp, 14.8 ha | ||
SN9249 | Training site, 0.1 haFrere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p14 | ||
Caersws SO0492 |
Pre-Flavian fort | ||
SO0292 | Flavian fort of 3.1 ha. Remained occupied until the early 4th century. Tiles stamped by Cohors I Celtiberorum equitata found on the site, this unit is recorded in Britain in the first half of the 2nd century, and a shard of samian with a possible scratched name referring to a cohort of Asturians. Britannia XXVI, 1995, p388 – samian | ||
Castell Collen SO0562 |
Flavian fort (2.0 ha;) followed by a smaller fort (1.4 ha) that was occupied until the early 3rd century. Journal of Roman Studies XLVII, 1957 p227
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Clyro SO2243 |
Pre-Flavian fortress, 10.4 ha, with evidence of two occupation periods; may have succeeded Clifford (Hereford and Worcester) Marching camp
Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp77-80 |
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Colwyn SN1054 |
Pre-Flavian fort? | ||
Dolau Gaer SO0166 |
Pre-Flavian fort (1.7 ha)?Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp138-40 | ||
Esgairperfedd SN9269 |
Marching camp (6.8 ha)Journal of Roman Studies LIX, 1969, pp123-5
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Forden Gaer Levobrinta? SO2098 |
Flavian fort (3.3 ha) occupied until the late 4th century and although it was re-constructed on several occasions, it never received stone defences. Britannia VII (1976) p296 | ||
Glanmiheli SO1590 |
Marching camp (c 4.5 ha)Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, 1973, p235 | ||
Harpton SO2360 |
Signal tower (?)Britannia XXIX, 1998, p374 | ||
Hindwell Farm SO2560 SO2559 |
Pre-Flavian fort (2.3 ha) abandoned in the late 1st century. Four marching camps, 17.7 ha, 2.4 ha, 3.1 ha and 2.1 ha
Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p79 |
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Llandrindod Common SO0560 SO0559 |
Training site with 18 practice camps Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp126-130 | ||
Llanfair Caerinion SJ1004 |
Fort | ||
Llansantffraid SJ2220 |
Pre-Flavian supply base with polygonal ground plan; it has been suggested that it dates from Didius Gallus’s campaign against Caratacus; part of a complex of sites that also includes Abertanant and Clawdd Coch Britannia XXV (1994) p246 | ||
Llwyn-y-Brain SO0492 |
Pre-Flavian fort (4.1 ha) may have preceded the pre-Flavian fort at Caersws. Britannia XV (1984) p267 | ||
Nantmel SO0268 |
Marching camp? Browne, D., & Hogg, A. H. A., Archaeology in Wales 27, 1987 | ||
Pen y Crogbren SN8593 |
Hadrianic fortlet (0.1 ha)Frere S. S., and St Joseph J. K., Roman Britain from the air, 1983, p139 | ||
Pen-Min-Cae SO0053 |
Flavian fortlet (0.1 ha) abandoned late 1st centuryJournal of Roman Studies LXIII, 1973, p241 | ||
Pen-y-Gaer SO1621 |
Flavian fort abandoned c 120 AD Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp108-110
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Trefal see Nantmel |
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St Harmon SN9871 |
Marching camp (7.7 ha) Journal of Roman Studies LIX, 1969, pp123-5 | ||
Walton see Hindwell Farm |
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Y Gaer Cicucium SO0029 |
Flavian fort, the defences of which were re-built in stone in the mid 2nd century. It was occupied until the late 4th century and garrisoned during the late 1st century by Ala Hispanorum Vettonum CR Archaeology in Wales XXXIII, 1993
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Y Pigwn SN8231 |
Two slightly overlapping pre-Flavian? marching camps | ||
Fortlet Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969. pp124-5 | |||
Ystradfellte SN9216 |
Marching camp Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales, 1969, pp125-6 | ||
RHONDA, CYNON, TAFF |
Pen-y-Coedcae ST0687 |
Marching camp RCAHMW, Glamorgan Volume 1 Part 1, 1976, p99 | |
Twyn-y-Bridallt ST0098 |
Marching camp Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p100 | ||
Pen-y-Darren SO0506 |
Flavian fort abandoned c 120 AD Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p79 | ||
SWANSEA |
Pen-y-Waun SS6097 |
Training site, with two practice camps RCAHMW Glamorgan Vol 1 pt 2, 1976 | |
Stafford Common SS5997 |
Training site RCAHMW, Glamorgan Volume 1 Part 2, 1976, p101 | ||
Loughor Leucarum SS5697 |
Flavian fort abandoned in the middle of the 2nd century; the site was re-used as a fort? from the late 3rd until the early 4th century Fortlet early 2nd century
Archaeologia Cambrensis 1974, pp99-146 |
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VALE OF GLAMORGAN |
Cowbridge Bovium? SS9974 |
Flavian fort? Agache. R, et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Condate-Glevum-Londinium-Lutetia, Oxford, 1983, p41 | |
WREXHAM |
Holt Bovium? SJ4054 |
A pottery covering 8 ha operated by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix from the end of the 1st century until c 250 AD Frere, S. S., et al, Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1987, p43 |