Category: Iron Age

Guide: The Ard – Early Ploughing in English Brigantia

Single Tyne Plough, Arba Minch

The ard, also known as a scratch plough, represents one of the earliest forms of agricultural technology used by the people of ancient Brigantia.

Biefing – The Myth of Breogán and the Tower of Heracles

Breogán is a legendary figure in Galician mythology and is regarded as the founder of the Galician people. The myth of Breogán is part of the ancient Celtic tradition, and while the details of his story vary across sources, he is universally seen as a key figure in the mythological ancestry of the Galicians.

Guide – The Roman Period in the British Isles

Emperor Augustus dressed as a deity, parading through ancient Rome

Julius Caesar made the first significant Roman attempt to conquer Britannia in 55 BCE during his campaign in Gaul. He landed on the shores of south-eastern Britain, but his invasions were brief and mostly for reconnaissance. Despite some skirmishes, there was no lasting conquest at this stage.

Guide – Archaeological Periods in Western Europe

A landscape showing the evolution of human history

Understanding the archaeological periods across Western Europe is essential for exploring the evolution of human societies from prehistory to the beginnings of written history. These periods are generally defined by shifts in technology, social organization, and the environment, and they often vary slightly from region to region.

Ingleborough Iron Age Hillfort

Ingleborough Hill, located in the Yorkshire Dales, is known for its prehistoric significance, particularly its hill fort. The hill fort atop Ingleborough is located at an elevation of about 723 meters (2,372 feet) above sea level, making it one of the highest known Iron Age settlements in the region.

Altar dedicated to Nympha Brigantia – Castlesteads?

“This offering to the goddess-nymph Brigantia, which he had vowed for the welfare and safety of our Lord the Invincible Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Pius Felix Augustus and of his whole Divine House, Marcus Cocceius Nigrinus, procurator of our Emperor and most devoted to his divinity and majesty, gladly, willingly, and deservedly fulfilled.”

Altar dedicated to Jupiter of Doliche, Caelestis Brigantia, and Salus – Corbridge

“To eternal Jupiter of Doliche and to Caelestis Brigantia and to Salus Gaius Julius Apolinaris, centurion of the Sixth Legion, at the command of the god (set this up).”

Altar dedicated to Jupiter of Doliche, Caelestis Brigantia, and Salus – Corbridge

“To eternal Jupiter of Doliche and to Caelestis Brigantia and to Salus Gaius Julius Apolinaris, centurion of the Sixth Legion, at the command of the god (set this up).”

Altar dedicated to Brigantia – South Shields

“Sacred to the goddess Brigantia: Congennicus willingly and deservedly fulfilled his vow.”

Statue of The Goddess Brigantia – Birrens

The Goddess Brigantia

In high relief standing in a gabled niche. The goddess Brigantia is winged, has a Gorgon’s head on her breast, and wears a plumed helmet encircled by a turreted crown. In her right hand she holds a spear, in her left a globe; to her left stands her shield, to her right an omphaloid stone. Her attributes equate her with Minerva Victrix (see Jolliffe loc. cit.). It is said that when first discovered the statuette had traces of gilding.

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