A gazetteer of probable prehistoric mounds, cairns and boundary earthworks in Coverdale. It is not complete and is still being researched.
Category: Defensive Structures
Jun 27
Prehistoric mounds, cairns and boundary earthworks in Coverdale
- Filed under Archaeology, Barrow, Boundary Marker, Brigantia, Brigantia England, Bronze Age, Burial Mound, Dark Ages, Dark Ages Brigantia, Early Christian, Early Medieval, Guide, Iron Age, Landscape Archaeology, Landscape feature, Motte and Bailey, Mound, New Sites, Roman, Terraces, Visible Remains
Jun 16
Hillforts: Defence or Ritual? – Part 1
- Filed under Archaeology, Brigantia, Brigantia England, Britain, Critical Thinking, Defensive Structures, Earthworks, Guide, Hill Fort, Univallet Hillfort, Vitrified Fort
Over the last five years Iron-Age specialists have been re-examining what British hillforts were really for. The question is no longer just “fortress or farm?” but whether many of them were built first and foremost as places of gathering, display and ritual.
- Ad Gefrin, Barry Cunliffe, battle, Bowden, Castle Dykes, Ceremony, Debate, Defence, Hill Fort, Hill of Tara, hillfort, Iron Age, Julius Caesar, Maiden Castle, McOmish, Mortimer Wheeler, Northumberland, Paulinus, Ringforts, ritual, Ritual First, tacitus, Thornborough Henges, vitrified, Yeavering Bell
- Leave comment
Drumanagh Promontory Fort – First Ever Intact Roman Pot Found in Ireland
- Filed under Agricola, Amphora, Bone Comb, Defensive Structures, Fort, Gaming Pieces, Hill Fort, Ireland, Iron Age, Late Iron Age, Leaders, News, Promontory fort, Roman pottery
RTE Ireland has reported that more recently they have made yet another remarkable discovery—an intact Roman pot. the first one to be uncovered on Irish soil, and providing more tantalising clues about ancient Roman-Irish interactions.
Although the Roman Empire they never reached Ireland (except, seemingly, in myth). That does not mean, that Roman influence and goods did enter Ireland, and it means that Drumanagh continues to headline as one of Irelands most tantalising archaeological sites for that same reason – exactly what were the Romans doing in Ireland?
Barry Hill Fort
- Filed under Fort, Hill Fort, Iron Age, Vitrified Fort
Barry Hill is a textbook “big fort waiting for a small trench”: its spectacular vitrified rampart, enigmatic outer works and Arthurian folklore offer equal attraction to scientists and story-lovers—yet almost everything we know comes from surface survey. A single, well-designed excavation season could pivot the site from picturesque curiosity to a securely dated anchor point in the defensive story of eastern Scotland.
Dunagoil Hillfort, (Isle of Bute, Argyll & Bute)
- Filed under Archaeology, Bronze Age, Dark Ages, Defensive Structures, Early Medieval, Hill Fort, Iron Age, New Sites, Vitrified Fort
Dunagoil crowns a 30 m-high columnar-basalt promontory on the south-west coast of Bute, overlooking the Sound of Bute and the Cumbraes. Cliffs on the north and west form natural ramparts; only the gentle ESE saddle gives easy access.
May 20
Guide: Fortified Barns in Yorkshire – A historical overview
- Filed under Brigantia England, Enclosure, Fortified Barn, Georgian, Guide, Jacobite, Landscape feature, Medieval, Medieval Brigantia, Stuart, Tudor
Even in a rural community of mainly farmers, there are often reasons to wish to build or create a structure that is for, at least in part, for defensive purposes. Thus, some barns in Yorkshire and other places can be seen to have “arrow slits”, and later, square “gun ports”. This article provides a brief overview of what these structures are, why they were built and how they were used.
- Abbey, Barn, Bastle, Bastle-barn, Bolton Abbey, Bolton Priory Tithe Barn, Bowlees, Byre, Coverdale, Dentdale, Easby, Estate Barn, Fountains Abbey, Friar's Head Grange Barn, gun-loop, Holwick, Jervaulx, Keld, Langstrothdale, Loophole, Monastic, Mount Grace, Muker, Musket-loop, Nidderdale, North Riding, priory, Put-log hole, Rievaulx, Scar House Coal Barn, Stang-side Bustle, Swaledale, Thornton Stewart, Thwaite, Town Head Farm Barn, Upper Teasdale, Wensleydale, Yorkshire, Yorkshire Dales
- Leave comment
Round Hill Motte at Carlton-in-Coverdale
- Filed under Archaeology, Barrow, Earthworks, Geography, Geology, Medieval, Motte and Bailey
Carlton Castle, or Round Hill Motte, at Carlton-in-Coverdale is an intriguing historical site that offers a glimpse into the medieval past of the Yorkshire Dales. The structure seems related to an extensive set of linear earthworks that have been interpreted as agricultural, however, their existence asks a question: if these are not older than this medieval interpretation.
Mar 25
The Legend of Caer Caradoc
- Filed under Arthur, Caratacus, Dark Ages, Defensive Structures, Early Christian, Hill Fort, Iron Age, Regional Surveys, Research, Roman
Caer Caradoc is often linked to Caradoc (or Caradog), a prominent figure in Welsh mythology and Arthurian legend. Caradoc is considered one of the knights of the Round Table in Arthurian lore, and he is sometimes referred to as Caradoc of the Battle or Caradoc the Brave. He was known for his bravery and his loyalty to King Arthur.
John O’Gaunt’s Castle and Beaver Dyke – Harrogate
John O’Gaunt’s Castle, located near Harrogate in North Yorkshire, is a historical site with roots that intertwine myth, history, and medieval legend.
Jan 17
Guide – Applying critical thinking to historic and archaeological research
- Filed under Angle, Anglo-saxon, Archaeology, Articles, Brigantia England, Bronze Age, Fort, Guide, Hill Fort, Iron Age, Reports
Often, the key aspect of being able to make progress with regards to researching the past. Is through the application of critical thinking, when it comes to accepting common, or even given understanding and interpretations of what is being explored.
Articles
- Bronze Age
- Iron Age
- Roman
- Dark Ages
- Early Christian
- Viking
- Saxon
- Medieval
- Vitrified Fort
- Archaeology Guide
- Guide – Introduction to Critical Thinking in Archaeological Research
- Guide – Challenging Assumptions with Free Thinking
- Guide – Congruence in Archaeological Interpretation: Holistic Analysis
- Guide – Critical Thinking: Lack of Evidence Does Not Mean Evidence of Lack
- Guide – Critical Thinking: The Simple Assumption
- Guide – Applying critical thinking to historic and archaeological research
- Guide – Empathic Archaeology Introduction
- Guide – Landscape Archaeology Introduction
- Guide – What is Landscape Archaeology?
- Guide – Introduction to Glacial Archaeology
- Guide – The Flora and Fauna of Prehistoric Britain
- Guide – Landscape Archaeology: Post-Ice Age Landscape of Thornborough
- Guide – Archaeological Periods in Western Europe
- Guide – Visible Remains
- Guide – Hidden Remains
- Guide – Getting Started
- Guide – Landscape Features
- Guide – Agricultural practices through time
- Guide – Introduction to Glacial Archaeology
- Guide: In Depth – Church Doors and Windows
- Guide – Mining
- Guide – Archaeological Terms
- Guide – Glossary
- Latin Translation – Choosing the meaning of AUG
- Reports
- An introduction to Brigantian Druidry
- Brigantia during the Dark Ages
- Celtic Heads
- Finding Bardon – An Arthurian Quest
- Early Christian syncretism and how the old ones hid amongst the new religion
- Rome: The Emperors Claim to Divinity
- Syncretism through the ages
- The Border Reivers
- The Gallus Frontier – Brigantia against the Romans
- The growth of Christianity 50AD – 1100AD
- The Kingdom of Venutius
- The use of the word Lady in relation to water related structures
- The walled gardens of Brigantia
- Yorkshire’s “Sacred Vale” – The Dawn of Brigantia
- Brigantia Espania
- Iberian Peninsular
- Galicia
- Biefing – The Myth of Breogán and the Tower of Heracles
- Briefing – Galicia’s Political History and Separatist Sentiment
- Briefing – Geography and Geology of Galicia
- Briefing – Design of Galician Hillforts
- Briefing – Roman Interaction with Galicia and the Iberian Peninsula
- Church of Santa María de Cambre, Cambre near A Coruña
Categories
- Agriculture (6)
- Field Systems (1)
- ploughing (2)
- Angle (2)
- Archaeological Periods (312)
- Anglo-saxon (6)
- Bronze Age (52)
- Late Bronze Age (1)
- Dark Ages (24)
- Dark Ages Brigantia (9)
- Early Christian (37)
- Early Medieval (8)
- Georgian (9)
- Gothic (3)
- Ice Age (1)
- Iron Age (133)
- Late Iron Age (5)
- Jacobite (7)
- Medieval (61)
- Medieval Brigantia (9)
- Mesolithic (11)
- Neolithic (45)
- Early Neolithic (5)
- Norman (40)
- Palaeolithic (6)
- Roman (94)
- Saxon (9)
- Stuart (6)
- Suspect (1)
- Tudor (10)
- Undated (7)
- Viking (4)
- Archaeology (93)
- Archaeobotanical (1)
- Empathic Archaeology (11)
- Free Thinking (7)
- Battle (1)
- Brigantia (147)
- Brigantia England (134)
- Brigantia Espania (11)
- Civil Structure (6)
- Defensive Structures (45)
- Castle (5)
- Defensive Dike (2)
- Defensive Walls (1)
- Fort (20)
- Fortified Barn (1)
- Marching Camp (5)
- Motte and Bailey (6)
- Ring Work (1)
- Class A (1)
- Dialects (1)
- Earthworks (51)
- Dike (8)
- Field Systems (26)
- Enclosure (12)
- Enclosure Acts (1)
- Europe (51)
- Festivals (2)
- Finds (42)
- Altar (10)
- Amphora (1)
- Animal Remains (4)
- Auroch (1)
- Hoof marks (1)
- Antler Pick (2)
- Arrowhead (1)
- Leaf-shaped (1)
- Axe (1)
- Bone Comb (1)
- Celtic Head (8)
- Celtic Head (2)
- Clock (1)
- Curse Tablet (1)
- Flint Scatters (4)
- Gaming Pieces (1)
- Hair Braid – Ring (4)
- Human Remains (2)
- Adult (1)
- Couched Burial (1)
- Juvinile (1)
- Mace Head (1)
- S-curved (1)
- Mosaic (1)
- Polished Stone Adze (1)
- Pottery (8)
- Funerary Urns (2)
- Grooved ware (1)
- Peterborough ware (1)
- Mortlake ware (1)
- Planig‑Friedberg ware (1)
- Samian ware (2)
- Vasi a Bocca Quadrata ware (1)
- Quern Stones (1)
- Statue (1)
- Geography (16)
- Maps (7)
- Geology (13)
- Anthracite – Coal (2)
- Geomorphology (2)
- Gods (9)
- Guide (72)
- Critical Thinking (8)
- Socratic Thought (1)
- Glossary (1)
- Hidden Remains (8)
- Geophysics (5)
- LiDAR (1)
- Radiocarbon Dating (1)
- Remote Sensing and Analysis (1)
- Regional Surveys (13)
- Research Tools (4)
- Visible Remains (12)
- Air Mapping (2)
- Air Photography (2)
- Fieldwalking (2)
- Lithics (1)
- Photography (6)
- Critical Thinking (8)
- Henge (18)
- Hill Fort (61)
- Castro Hillfort (3)
- Contour/Plateau Fort (1)
- Multivallete Hillfort (1)
- Oppidum (1)
- Oppidum (1)
- Promontory fort (4)
- Slavic Gord (1)
- Univallet Hillfort (4)
- Vitrified Fort (27)
- Historic Buildings (20)
- Amphitheatre (1)
- Barn (2)
- Beacon (1)
- Broch (1)
- Coaching Inn/Hostelry (1)
- Folly (4)
- Hall (2)
- Hospital (1)
- House (1)
- Tower (7)
- Walled Garden (1)
- Industrial Heritage (9)
- Chimney (1)
- Mining (9)
- Spoil Heap (1)
- Smelting (2)
- Iron-Age (1)
- Landscape Archaeology (38)
- Glacial Archaeology (2)
- Landscape Legislation (1)
- Mining Landscape (1)
- Ritual Landscape (6)
- Landscape feature (49)
- Barrow (18)
- Bell Barrow (2)
- Bowl Barrow (1)
- Cairn (2)
- Disc Barrow (1)
- Long Barrow (5)
- Ring Barrow (1)
- Ring Cairn (1)
- Round Barrow (1)
- Square Barrow (1)
- Steppe Kurgan (1)
- Boundary Marker (2)
- Burial Mound (9)
- Ceremonial Mount (1)
- Cursus (2)
- Hill Figure (5)
- Linear Earthworks (2)
- Mound (6)
- Passage Tomb (1)
- Ring Cairn (2)
- Snake Mound (1)
- Terraces (3)
- Barrow (18)
- Leaders (33)
- Agricola (2)
- Arthur (1)
- Augustus Caesar (2)
- Breogans (3)
- Caratacus (1)
- Cnut (1)
- Julius Caesar (1)
- Petilius Cerialis (1)
- Liminal Spaces (1)
- Market (1)
- Megalithic (10)
- Rock Art (3)
- Stone alignment (1)
- Stone Circle (7)
- stone circles (1)
- Stone Row (2)
- Myth and Legend (5)
- New Sites (23)
- Publications (21)
- Biographies (2)
- Henge Capital of Britain (10)
- News (4)
- Stories of Brigantia (4)
- Walking Guides (1)
- Rabbit Warren (1)
- Religious Structures (31)
- Abbey (3)
- Church (24)
- Crosses (1)
- Memorial Planting (1)
- Priory (2)
- Religious Orders (3)
- Ritual walkway/pilrimage path (1)
- Reports (148)
- Roman Culture (11)
- Roman army (8)
- Roman baths (1)
- Roman City (1)
- Roman Gods (1)
- Mercury (1)
- Roman navy (1)
- Roman pottery (3)
- Samian ware (2)
- Roman Road (1)
- Roman Roads (2)
- Roman Villa (2)
- The Celtic World (35)
- Celtic Gods (1)
- Lugh (1)
- Celtic Industry (1)
- Celtic Life (9)
- Celtic Trade (1)
- Celtic Tribes (27)
- Celtic Gods (1)
- Trade (4)
- Minting (3)
- Coins (1)
- Spoil Heaps (2)
- Minting (3)
- Translation (7)
- Inscription (4)
- Latin (5)
- Uncategorized (24)
- Water Works (13)
Research Links
Heritage Gateway
Announcing: The Brigantian News!
- Roman Road to the West uncovered under Manchester Street 16 July 2025
- What might Stonehenge Mean? Dartmoor and Carnac add to the Picture 3 July 2025
- Megalithic Stone Monuments in France May Be Europe’s Oldest 1 July 2025
- Drumanagh Promontory Fort – First Ever Intact Roman Pot Found in Ireland 5 June 2025
Portable Antiquities News
A complete silver post-medieval sixpence from the reign of Elizabeth I, sword initial mark, second issue, North 1997, dating to AD 1582.Obverse: bust facing left, rose behind. Legend: ELIZABETH D'G' ANG FR'ET HIB REGINAReverse: Square shield on long cross [...]
A Medieval copper-alloy strap fitting/strap end/buckle dating to circa AD 1375-1500. The extant piece consists of one sheet of the plate. Now bent out of shape, it is rectangular in plan with. Its attachment end is complete [...]
Solid cast copper alloy foot from a Medieval to Post Medieval vessel, c. 1200 to 1800 AD.A substantial and well-cast flared foot from a vessel such as a cooking cauldron or posnet, in the shape [...]
Sub-circular flat lead object, probably a late medieval to early post-medieval token. It is uniface, with relief decoration of an eight-spoke radial pattern on one face; this may represent a flower, sunburst etc. Four of the eight [...]
A Post Medieval copper-alloy Nuremberg rose and orb jetton of an uncertain issuer dating to circa AD 1550-1650. [...]
A Post Medieval copper-alloy Nuremberg rose and orb jetton of Wolf Lauffer -III, dating from c. AD 1582-1625. Similar to Mitchiner 1988: no 1660–1672 [...]
A complete lead alloy uniface token dating to the Medieval to Post Medieval period (c. AD 1300-1700). The design on the obverse depicts eight intersecting lines with a circle joining all lines and pellets at the centre and mid-way along each of the [...]
A central element of a Medieval composite cast copper alloy strap end dating to c. AD 1250-1450.Forked inner spacer from a large composite strap end, one forked arm cast thicker then the other, lower end is decorated with an [...]
Silver penny of Edward the Martyr (reigned 975-978), small cross type, North 763, 1.13g, in good condition. Mint of Stamford, moneyer Wulfgar.Obverse: bust left, + EADWEARD REX ANEO.Reverse: small cross, WVLGAR M-O STAN. [...]
Complete copper alloy undecorated sword hanger component, sub-trapezoidal upper plate with rounded and slightly bifurcated upper edge, two iron rivets placed centrally, one above the other, now corroded and rusted front and back. Lower end is [...]
A Post Medieval copper-alloy Nuemberg rose and orb jetton of Wolf Lauffer II, dating from c. AD 1615-1645. Similar to Mitchiner 1988: no 1703-1709. [...]
A complete ground and polished axehead of Neolithic date, c. 4000-2200 BC, probably made of greenstone (uncertain origin) and of Butler (2005) Thick-butted Type A. The axehead is of an overall rounded piriform shape, with a oval-sectioned [...]
An incomplete copper alloy Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type brooch dating to the Roman period (c. AD 75-175). The remains of the brooch consist of the head with wings intact, spring and partial bow. All other features have [...]
An incomplete copper alloy candle holder dating to the late Medieval to Post Medieval period (c. AD 1475-1700). The object has a slightly flared cylindrical mouth to accommodate the candle. The main shaft is baluster-shaped and the base tapers [...]
Copper-alloy fragment, probably medieval to post-medieval in date (c. 1200-1800 AD).A fragment of square section shaft of an unknown object. It is 43.23mm long and the shaft is 2.9mm wide. The object is straight and of [...]
An incomplete copper-alloy strap fitting or buckle plate of medieval date, c.AD 1100 - 1500.The fitting comprises a rectangular sheet of metal. The corners of the plate are lost to worn breaks. Two rivet holes are present [...]
A copper-alloy fragment of a probable early medieval cruciform brooch, dating to circa AD 420-570. The artefact is the side or top-knob of a cruciform brooch. It is a semi-circular decorative knob, below the knob is a thin collar and a [...]
An incomplete silver Groat of Henry VIII (1509-1547). Second coinage. Long cross fourchée over royal shield reverse. Rose initial mark. London mint. AD 1526-1529.Diameter: 25.73mm, Thickness: 1.02mm, Weight: 2.33gThe coin is missing a minor portion of its outer flan [...]
A complete silver Two Pence of Charles II (1630-1685). Crowned pair of interlinked Cs reverse. Minted in London. AD 1668-1684.Diameter: 13.78mm, Thickness: 0.60mm, Weight: 0.57gSpink No. 3388 [...]
An incomplete silver Halfpenny of Elizabeth I (1558-1603). Third coinage. Cross Moline with three pellets in each arm reverse. Initial mark Tun. London mint. AD 1591-1594.Diameter: 11.28mm, Thickness: 0.39mm, Weight: 0.21gThe coin is missing minor portions of [...]
Recent Articles and Site Pages
- The Story of Boltby Scar
- Swaledale
- Guide: Parliamentary-walls and the Northern Enclosures
- County Durham
- The hero archetype and Lugh
- Head One – St Michaels Church, Kirklington
- Long Meg and her Daughters standing stone and stone circle
- Cana Barn Henge
- Anciens Arsenaux Neolithic Settlement, Sion – Switzerland
- Gnaeus Julius Agricola
- Snake Iconography in the British Isles
- Wiltshire
- Liverpool Street Roman Road, Manchester
- South Street Long Barrow, Avebury
- Mamucium Roman Fort, Manchester
Locations
- Czechia (1)
- England (198)
- Bedfordshire (1)
- Cumbria (13)
- Dorset (2)
- Durham (9)
- East Yorkshire (1)
- Lancashire (7)
- North Derbyshire (8)
- North Yorkshire (118)
- Yorkshire Dales (4)
- Yorkshire Moors (1)
- Northumberland (9)
- Oxfordshire (2)
- Somerset (2)
- South Yorkshire (10)
- Staffordshire (3)
- West Yorkshire (7)
- Wiltshire (4)
- Europe (8)
- France (3)
- Germany (2)
- Global (3)
- Ireland (4)
- County Dublin (1)
- Scotland (21)
- Dumphries and Galloway (3)
- Grampian (4)
- Highlands (8)
- Perthshire (4)
- Tayside (3)
- Spain (4)
- Switzerland (1)
- Wales (4)


