Stonehenge has always been enigmatic, due to its use of those definitive morticed trilithons, all of which where squared of, more like the structures of the Maltese temples and other stone structures closer to Africa, as opposed to those of the rest of Britain and most of the wider North-west European ritual landscape.
Category: Neolithic
What might Stonehenge Mean? Dartmoor and Carnac add to the Picture
- Filed under Barrow, Bell Barrow, Britain, Bronze Age, France, Funerary Urns, Hair Braid - Ring, Landscape feature, Megalithic, Mining, Neolithic, News, Radiocarbon Dating, Smelting, Stone alignment, Stone Circle, Stone Row, Wales
- amesbury, Anglesey, archer, boltby, Boltby Scar, britain, Bronze Age, Carnac, Dartmoor, France, Gold Tresses, Great Orme, Hill Fort, Kirkhaugh, Llanymynech, Nabta Playa, nenthead, Neolithic, North Yorkshire, Parys Mountain, Powys, Rouslton Moor, Shropshire, Stonehenge, Tabular Hills, wales, Yorkshire Moors
- 4 comments
Megalithic Stone Monuments in France May Be Europe’s Oldest
- Filed under Britain, Bronze Age, France, Mesolithic, Neolithic, News, Ritual Landscape, Stone Circle, stone circles, Stone Row
The recent University of Gothenburg–led excavations at Le Plasker, and their startling radiocarbon dates of 4600–4300 BC for the Carnac alignments, deserve both applause for methodological rigor and a measured dose of critical scrutiny before we rewrite Neolithic Europe’s storybook.
Jun 11
Guide: Ritual/Ceremonial Mounds
- Filed under Anglo-saxon, Bronze Age, Ceremonial Mount, Dark Ages, Early Christian, Early Medieval, Georgian, Guide, Landscape feature, Medieval, Neolithic, New Sites, Norman
These are raised platforms created first and foremost for cult, procession, assembly or conversion—not for fortification or routine boundary-making. They tend to be much more significant and monumental than other mounds and raised platforms. Some are the largest structures known of their type. In Britain, possibly the best known example is Silbury Hill in Wiltshire.
Jun 10
Guide: Barrows
- Filed under Archaeobotanical, Barrow, Bell Barrow, Bowl Barrow, Bronze Age, Dark Ages, Disc Barrow, Europe, Guide, Iron Age, Landscape Archaeology, Landscape feature, Long Barrow, Neolithic, Ring Barrow, Ritual Landscape, Roman, Round Barrow, Square Barrow, Steppe Kurgan
A barrow is a mound of earth and/or stones raised over a grave or group of graves. Used from the Neolithic through to the Iron Age (roughly 4000 BCE to 500 CE), barrows were often constructed to honour elite individuals, such as tribal leaders, warriors, or chieftains. They are frequently found singly or in cemeteries known as barrow fields.
- AngloViking, Arras Culture, barrow, Barrow Timeline, Bell Barrow, Bowl Barrow, britain, Bronze Age, Burial Mound, Disc Barrow, Eastern Europe, Hallstatt, Iberian Peninsular, ireland, Iron Age, la tene, Long Barrow, Neolithc, Nordic Bronze Age, Ring Barrow, Roman, Round Barrow, ScandinaviaUkraineCentral Europe, Square Barrow, Steppe Kurgan, timeline
- Leave comment
Jun 05
Guide: Classification of Henge Monuments
- Filed under Archaeology, Bronze Age, Earthworks, Henge, Iron Age, Landscape feature, Neolithic, New Sites
Archaeologists use the word “henge” for later-Neolithic and earliest Bronze-Age earthen rings whose ditch lies inside the bank, creating a deliberately bounded interior. The term itself was coined in 1932 by Kendrick; it was refined in the 1950s by Richard Atkinson, whose system still frames most discussion.
Moulton Henge
- Filed under Archaeology, Brigantia, Brigantia England, Britain, Bronze Age, Earthworks, Europe, Henge, Medieval, Medieval Brigantia, Neolithic, New Sites, Ritual Landscape, Undated
Archaeologists now recognise a true Neolithic henge lying immediately south-west of Moulton village, roughly midway between the Swale and Dere Street. The monument is almost 200 m across, with a low earthen bank encircling an inner ditch and a central platform about 110 m wide; the ditch lies inside the bank—the classic “Class II” henge arrangement.
Feb 11
Unveiling the Archaeological Landscape of Nosterfield
- Filed under Archaeology, Barrow, Brigantia England, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Reports, Research
The Nosterfield Quarry excavation sits at the heart of one of Britain’s most enigmatic prehistoric landscapes—the Thornborough Henges Complex.
Jan 23
Guide – Archaeological Periods in Western Europe
- Filed under Archaeological Periods, Archaeology, Bronze Age, Guide, Iron Age, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Palaeolithic
Understanding the archaeological periods across Western Europe is essential for exploring the evolution of human societies from prehistory to the beginnings of written history. These periods are generally defined by shifts in technology, social organization, and the environment, and they often vary slightly from region to region.
Egglestone Abbey, Barnard Castle
- Filed under Abbey, Early Christian, Medieval, Neolithic, Religious Orders, The Premonstratensians
Egglestone Abbey, nestled on the southern bank of the River Tees, is a testament to the spiritual and architectural endeavours of the Premonstratensian canons. Founded between 1195 and 1198 by the de Moulton family, the abbey was established during a period of monastic expansion in England.
Mitchell Laithes Farm Ring Cairn and burial complex, Ossett, West Yorkshire
- Filed under Barrow, Bronze Age, Burial Mound, Earthworks, Neolithic, Ring Cairn
The Bronze Age discoveries in Mitchell Laithes Farm, Ossett, West Yorkshire, offer an important glimpse into the region’s ancient past. Archaeological appraisals, particularly the one conducted in 2007 at Mitchell Laithes Rye Royds, have unearthed evidence of short episodes of occupation dating back to 3500-2000 BC.
Articles
- Bronze Age
- Iron Age
- Roman
- Dark Ages
- Early Christian
- Viking
- Saxon
- Medieval
- Vitrified Fort
- Archaeology Guide
- Guide – Introduction to Critical Thinking in Archaeological Research
- Guide – Challenging Assumptions with Free Thinking
- Guide – Congruence in Archaeological Interpretation: Holistic Analysis
- Guide – Critical Thinking: Lack of Evidence Does Not Mean Evidence of Lack
- Guide – Critical Thinking: The Simple Assumption
- Guide – Applying critical thinking to historic and archaeological research
- Guide – Empathic Archaeology Introduction
- Guide – Landscape Archaeology Introduction
- Guide – What is Landscape Archaeology?
- Guide – Introduction to Glacial Archaeology
- Guide – The Flora and Fauna of Prehistoric Britain
- Guide – Landscape Archaeology: Post-Ice Age Landscape of Thornborough
- Guide – Archaeological Periods in Western Europe
- Guide – Visible Remains
- Guide – Hidden Remains
- Guide – Getting Started
- Guide – Landscape Features
- Guide – Agricultural practices through time
- Guide – Introduction to Glacial Archaeology
- Guide: In Depth – Church Doors and Windows
- Guide – Mining
- Guide – Archaeological Terms
- Guide – Glossary
- Latin Translation – Choosing the meaning of AUG
- Reports
- An introduction to Brigantian Druidry
- Brigantia during the Dark Ages
- Celtic Heads
- Finding Bardon – An Arthurian Quest
- Early Christian syncretism and how the old ones hid amongst the new religion
- Rome: The Emperors Claim to Divinity
- Syncretism through the ages
- The Border Reivers
- The Gallus Frontier – Brigantia against the Romans
- The growth of Christianity 50AD – 1100AD
- The Kingdom of Venutius
- The use of the word Lady in relation to water related structures
- The walled gardens of Brigantia
- Yorkshire’s “Sacred Vale” – The Dawn of Brigantia
- Brigantia Espania
- Iberian Peninsular
- Galicia
- Biefing – The Myth of Breogán and the Tower of Heracles
- Briefing – Galicia’s Political History and Separatist Sentiment
- Briefing – Geography and Geology of Galicia
- Briefing – Design of Galician Hillforts
- Briefing – Roman Interaction with Galicia and the Iberian Peninsula
- Church of Santa María de Cambre, Cambre near A Coruña
Categories
- Agriculture (6)
- Field Systems (1)
- ploughing (2)
- Angle (2)
- Archaeological Periods (312)
- Anglo-saxon (6)
- Bronze Age (52)
- Late Bronze Age (1)
- Dark Ages (24)
- Dark Ages Brigantia (9)
- Early Christian (37)
- Early Medieval (8)
- Georgian (9)
- Gothic (3)
- Ice Age (1)
- Iron Age (133)
- Late Iron Age (5)
- Jacobite (7)
- Medieval (61)
- Medieval Brigantia (9)
- Mesolithic (11)
- Neolithic (45)
- Early Neolithic (5)
- Norman (40)
- Palaeolithic (6)
- Roman (94)
- Saxon (9)
- Stuart (6)
- Suspect (1)
- Tudor (10)
- Undated (7)
- Viking (4)
- Archaeology (93)
- Archaeobotanical (1)
- Empathic Archaeology (11)
- Free Thinking (7)
- Battle (1)
- Brigantia (147)
- Brigantia England (134)
- Brigantia Espania (11)
- Civil Structure (6)
- Defensive Structures (45)
- Castle (5)
- Defensive Dike (2)
- Defensive Walls (1)
- Fort (20)
- Fortified Barn (1)
- Marching Camp (5)
- Motte and Bailey (6)
- Ring Work (1)
- Class A (1)
- Dialects (1)
- Earthworks (51)
- Dike (8)
- Field Systems (26)
- Enclosure (12)
- Enclosure Acts (1)
- Europe (51)
- Festivals (2)
- Finds (42)
- Altar (10)
- Amphora (1)
- Animal Remains (4)
- Auroch (1)
- Hoof marks (1)
- Antler Pick (2)
- Arrowhead (1)
- Leaf-shaped (1)
- Axe (1)
- Bone Comb (1)
- Celtic Head (8)
- Celtic Head (2)
- Clock (1)
- Curse Tablet (1)
- Flint Scatters (4)
- Gaming Pieces (1)
- Hair Braid – Ring (4)
- Human Remains (2)
- Adult (1)
- Couched Burial (1)
- Juvinile (1)
- Mace Head (1)
- S-curved (1)
- Mosaic (1)
- Polished Stone Adze (1)
- Pottery (8)
- Funerary Urns (2)
- Grooved ware (1)
- Peterborough ware (1)
- Mortlake ware (1)
- Planig‑Friedberg ware (1)
- Samian ware (2)
- Vasi a Bocca Quadrata ware (1)
- Quern Stones (1)
- Statue (1)
- Geography (16)
- Maps (7)
- Geology (13)
- Anthracite – Coal (2)
- Geomorphology (2)
- Gods (9)
- Guide (72)
- Critical Thinking (8)
- Socratic Thought (1)
- Glossary (1)
- Hidden Remains (8)
- Geophysics (5)
- LiDAR (1)
- Radiocarbon Dating (1)
- Remote Sensing and Analysis (1)
- Regional Surveys (13)
- Research Tools (4)
- Visible Remains (12)
- Air Mapping (2)
- Air Photography (2)
- Fieldwalking (2)
- Lithics (1)
- Photography (6)
- Critical Thinking (8)
- Henge (18)
- Hill Fort (61)
- Castro Hillfort (3)
- Contour/Plateau Fort (1)
- Multivallete Hillfort (1)
- Oppidum (1)
- Oppidum (1)
- Promontory fort (4)
- Slavic Gord (1)
- Univallet Hillfort (4)
- Vitrified Fort (27)
- Historic Buildings (20)
- Amphitheatre (1)
- Barn (2)
- Beacon (1)
- Broch (1)
- Coaching Inn/Hostelry (1)
- Folly (4)
- Hall (2)
- Hospital (1)
- House (1)
- Tower (7)
- Walled Garden (1)
- Industrial Heritage (9)
- Chimney (1)
- Mining (9)
- Spoil Heap (1)
- Smelting (2)
- Iron-Age (1)
- Landscape Archaeology (38)
- Glacial Archaeology (2)
- Landscape Legislation (1)
- Mining Landscape (1)
- Ritual Landscape (6)
- Landscape feature (49)
- Barrow (18)
- Bell Barrow (2)
- Bowl Barrow (1)
- Cairn (2)
- Disc Barrow (1)
- Long Barrow (5)
- Ring Barrow (1)
- Ring Cairn (1)
- Round Barrow (1)
- Square Barrow (1)
- Steppe Kurgan (1)
- Boundary Marker (2)
- Burial Mound (9)
- Ceremonial Mount (1)
- Cursus (2)
- Hill Figure (5)
- Linear Earthworks (2)
- Mound (6)
- Passage Tomb (1)
- Ring Cairn (2)
- Snake Mound (1)
- Terraces (3)
- Barrow (18)
- Leaders (33)
- Agricola (2)
- Arthur (1)
- Augustus Caesar (2)
- Breogans (3)
- Caratacus (1)
- Cnut (1)
- Julius Caesar (1)
- Petilius Cerialis (1)
- Liminal Spaces (1)
- Market (1)
- Megalithic (10)
- Rock Art (3)
- Stone alignment (1)
- Stone Circle (7)
- stone circles (1)
- Stone Row (2)
- Myth and Legend (5)
- New Sites (23)
- Publications (21)
- Biographies (2)
- Henge Capital of Britain (10)
- News (4)
- Stories of Brigantia (4)
- Walking Guides (1)
- Rabbit Warren (1)
- Religious Structures (31)
- Abbey (3)
- Church (24)
- Crosses (1)
- Memorial Planting (1)
- Priory (2)
- Religious Orders (3)
- Ritual walkway/pilrimage path (1)
- Reports (148)
- Roman Culture (11)
- Roman army (8)
- Roman baths (1)
- Roman City (1)
- Roman Gods (1)
- Mercury (1)
- Roman navy (1)
- Roman pottery (3)
- Samian ware (2)
- Roman Road (1)
- Roman Roads (2)
- Roman Villa (2)
- The Celtic World (35)
- Celtic Gods (1)
- Lugh (1)
- Celtic Industry (1)
- Celtic Life (9)
- Celtic Trade (1)
- Celtic Tribes (27)
- Celtic Gods (1)
- Trade (4)
- Minting (3)
- Coins (1)
- Spoil Heaps (2)
- Minting (3)
- Translation (7)
- Inscription (4)
- Latin (5)
- Uncategorized (24)
- Water Works (13)
Research Links
Heritage Gateway
Announcing: The Brigantian News!
- Roman Road to the West uncovered under Manchester Street 16 July 2025
- What might Stonehenge Mean? Dartmoor and Carnac add to the Picture 3 July 2025
- Megalithic Stone Monuments in France May Be Europe’s Oldest 1 July 2025
- Drumanagh Promontory Fort – First Ever Intact Roman Pot Found in Ireland 5 June 2025
Portable Antiquities News
A complete lead alloy button dating to the Post Medieval period (c. AD 1500-1650). The button is circular in shape with a convex face and flat reverse. The face has moulded decoration of a central pellet [...]
A Roman copper alloy nummus of Constantine II (AD 317-337) dating to the period AD 323 (Reece Period 16). BEATA TRAN-QVILLITAS reverse type depicting globe on altar inscribed VOT//IS/XX with three stars above. Mint of Trier. RIC Vol. VII (p.200) No.412 [...]
A Medieval French copper alloy jetton of the four fleurs de lys in a lozenge type dating to AD 1488-97. Mint of Tournai. Mitchiner 1988, page 208, number 589.Obverse description: Four fleurs in a lozenge: within an arched [...]
A Medieval French stock Jetton dating to AD 1415-1497.Obverse: Crown with groups of pellets in field.Reverse: AMOVRS TOV SVI A VOVS SI, tripple-voided cross fleuretty within a double tressure of four arches. In the centre of the [...]
A medieval silver shortcross penny of Henry II (1154-1189), class 1b dating c. 1180-1185. Moneyer Reinald of Northampton mint. North (1994), p. 220 no: 963. [...]
An incomplete cast copper alloy pin of Early Medieval date (c. AD 700-900). It is missing most of its shaft.The pin has a polyhedral pin head, cuboid in form with chamfered corners forming 13 facets of unequal [...]
A complete cast copper alloy scabbard chape dating to the Post Medieval period (c. AD 1500-1700).The chape is made of a sheet folded into a conical tube, oepn at one end and forming a pointed [...]
A complete Medieval cast copper-alloy annular buckle with cast copper-alloy pin, probably dating to c. AD 1200-1450.The frame is circular in plan, and oval in cross-section, with no constriction for the pin. The frame is undecorated. The pin [...]
A near complete cast copper-alloy Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) small-long brooch, dating to AD 450-550. The object retains its head plate and bow, but it is missing it's pin.The brooch includes a cruciform head consisting of 3 long pointed, [...]
An incomplete copper alloy Colchester Derivative type brooch dating to the Roman period (c. AD 50-150). The object has complete wings with wing caps. The reverse of the head is concave and the remains of the spring mechanism have [...]
An incomplete copper alloy Colchester Derivative, Polden Hill type brooch dating to the Roman period (c. AD 75-175). The object has complete wings with wing caps and double linear decoration half way along and at the end [...]
An incomplete copper alloy Colchester Derivative, Polden Hill type brooch dating to the Roman period (c. AD 75-175). The object has complete wings with wing caps and moulded double linear decoration half way along each wing. [...]
An Roman copper-alloy nummus of Valens, dating to c. AD 367 - 375. Reece Period 19. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE, reverse type shows Victory advancing left holding a wreath. Mint uncertain.Diameter: 18.38 mmWeight: 1.87 g [...]
An incomplete cast copper alloy cloisonne enamel lugged disc brooch (Weetch type 20A), of the late early-medieval period dating c.AD 1000-1100.The brooch is bent and damaged with the enamel design incomplete and crushed. It comprises a [...]
A Roman copper-alloy nummus of Magnentius dating to AD 351 - 353 (Reece period 18). VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES reverse showing two Victories supporting a wreath inscribed VOT V MVLT X. Mint of Ambianum.RIC VIII [...]
An incomplete medieval copper alloy single loop composite buckle dating c. 1350-1450Only the frame and forked spacers survive, the pin and plate are missing. The frame is circular with a notched pin rest. The frame is bevelled [...]
An incomplete, medieval, copper alloy cast annular buckle dating c. AD 1250-1450.The frame is circular and undecorated, and has a circular cross section. One section is worn thin from wear. The pin is D-shaped in cross section with a [...]
An incomplete Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester Derivative Harlow type dating c. 50-80. The brooch is missing the spring and pin. It has a semi-cylindrical head with incomplete and worn short wings and a double pierced lug to [...]
An incomplete copper alloy Colchester Derivative, Polden Hill type brooch dating to the Roman period (c. AD 75-175). The object has complete wings with wing caps and double linear decoration half way along and at [...]
A Roman copper-alloy nummus of Constantine I, dating to c.AD 320. Reece Period 16. VIRTVS EXERCIT, reverse type shows Military standard with drapery marked VOT/XX; on either side, seated captive. Mint of Arelate.RIC VII Arelate 205 Diameter: [...]
Recent Articles and Site Pages
- The Story of Boltby Scar
- Swaledale
- Guide: Parliamentary-walls and the Northern Enclosures
- County Durham
- The hero archetype and Lugh
- Head One – St Michaels Church, Kirklington
- Long Meg and her Daughters standing stone and stone circle
- Cana Barn Henge
- Anciens Arsenaux Neolithic Settlement, Sion – Switzerland
- Gnaeus Julius Agricola
- Snake Iconography in the British Isles
- Wiltshire
- Liverpool Street Roman Road, Manchester
- South Street Long Barrow, Avebury
- Mamucium Roman Fort, Manchester
Locations
- Czechia (1)
- England (198)
- Bedfordshire (1)
- Cumbria (13)
- Dorset (2)
- Durham (9)
- East Yorkshire (1)
- Lancashire (7)
- North Derbyshire (8)
- North Yorkshire (118)
- Yorkshire Dales (4)
- Yorkshire Moors (1)
- Northumberland (9)
- Oxfordshire (2)
- Somerset (2)
- South Yorkshire (10)
- Staffordshire (3)
- West Yorkshire (7)
- Wiltshire (4)
- Europe (8)
- France (3)
- Germany (2)
- Global (3)
- Ireland (4)
- County Dublin (1)
- Scotland (21)
- Dumphries and Galloway (3)
- Grampian (4)
- Highlands (8)
- Perthshire (4)
- Tayside (3)
- Spain (4)
- Switzerland (1)
- Wales (4)

