Frost shattering, also known as freeze-thaw weathering, is a type of mechanical weathering that occurs in cold climates where water repeatedly freezes and thaws within cracks in rocks. When water freezes, it expands, putting pressure on the surrounding rock. This expansion and contraction cycle, repeated over time, can cause the rock to fracture and break apart.
An incomplete copper-alloy object, possibly a annular brooch of medieval date, c. AD 1200-1500.The object is circular with a C-shaped section, convex on the front with a hollow, concave reverse. A single constriction is present [...]
An incomplete copper alloy buckle frame of Post Medieval dating (AD 1600 to AD 1800).Less than 25% of the buckle frame is present, consisting of part of the outer loop. A rectangular lug is present, [...]
A cast copper alloy pelta shaped vessel foot of probable Roman date. Both ends taper to upward curling knops (now incomplete), and there are two more rounded knops in a bifid projection at the centre. There is no [...]
A cast copper-alloy post medieval asymmetrical double loop buckle with a round loop, a trapezoidal loop and small lobes at either end of the narrowed strap bar. The frame has bevelled edges and traces of a [...]
An incomplete early Post Medieval lead alloy pilgrim's badge from the shrine of Our Lady of Eton dating to the end of the 15th century. The badge depicts the Virgin and Child standing on a [...]
An incomplete early Post Medieval lead alloy secular pilgrim's badge consisting of a Hart (deer) left. On the reverse are the casting seam and a downward pointing pin, squashed flat to the back of the badge. [...]
An incomplete early Post Medieval lead alloy pilgrim's badge consisting of a crowned Tudor rose with calyx points. On the reverse are the casting seam and a downward pointing pin, squashed flat to the back of the [...]
Silver Denarius of Hadrian (17-138AD). Dated to 117 AD. RIC 49Obverse: laureate head right, draped far shoulder. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVGReverse: Concordia seated left, holding patera; resting left elbow on a statue of Spes, [...]
An incomplete early Post Medieval lead alloy pilgrim's badge from the shrine of Our Lady of Willesden dating to the early 16th century. The badge depicts the Virgin and Child within a crescent moon. The [...]
An incomplete Early Medieval silver penny of Offa of Mercia (AD 757-96). Light coinage, portrait issue (North 301), minted at London by Ibba dating to AD 765-792. North (1994: 87). Coin is chipped and cracked along the edge at 1-2 [...]
An early Post Medieval lead alloy pilgrim's badge from the shrine of Our Lady of Willesden dating to the early 16th century. The badge depicts the Virgin and Child within a crescent moon. The Virgin [...]
An incomplete cast lead alloy pilgrim's ampulla of medieval date (c.AD 1350-1550), found with two fragments of an iron loop inside. Loop dimensions : Diameter 13.4mm x 3mm thickIt was found in a bent over sealed state, [...]
A complete Silver Medieval groat of Edward IV, first reign (1461-1470). London mint, issue of 1468-1469 light coinage, Spink no. 1999.Obverse description: facing bare-shouldered bust with tall open bifoliate crown within a nine-arched tressure with lis [...]
An incomplete Medieval cast copper alloy horse harness pendant, dating to c.AD 1200-1400.This pendant is cast as a single piece, consisting of a sub-rectangular plate and a thin suspension loop protruding from the middle of [...]
Three sherds of medieval to early post-medieval vessels found in proximity to one another.1. Length: 51.88mm, width: 47.04mm, weight: 47.37g - body sherd from the body and handle of a later medieval externally glazed earthenware vessel, [...]
A copper-alloy Roman contemporary copy of a nummus of the House of Constantine dating to AD 330-335. [GLORIA EXERCITVS] reverse type depicting two soldiers with two standards. Uncertain mint. [...]
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the house of Constantine dating to AD 330-340 (Reece period 17). CONSTANTINOPOLIS type with reverse depicting Victory standing on the prow of a galley. Mint of Trier. [...]
A worn and incomplete Roman copper alloy nummus of the House of Valentinian, dating to AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). [GLORIA ROMANORVM] reverse type depicting the emperor dragging a captive. Mint of Aquileia. [...]
A complete copper alloy plain double looped 'spectacle' buckle of Medieval to Post Medieval dating, circa AD 1350 -1650.The buckle consists of a double looped frame with a narrow strap bar. The pin is formed of one piece of [...]
