These are artificial hills made from the unwanted rock, shale and tailings that come up with coal, metal ore, stone or clay when it is being mined or quarried. Because extractive industry is both deep and long-lived, single collieries or pits can generate tens of millions of cubic metres of spoil; pushed out by locomotive, conveyor or tippler wagon and dumped in successive layers, the piles quickly become a distinctive landform.
Tag: metal
Jun 11
Guide: Spoil Heaps
- Filed under Archaeology, Guide, Industrial Heritage, Landscape Archaeology, Landscape feature, Mining, Spoil Heaps
Sep 24
Celtic Industry
- Filed under Articles, Brigantia England, Celtic Industry, Iron Age, Roman
To look upon the tribes of Britain as just a bunch of savages is totally erroneous. Each tribe had thriving industries based on manufactured goods. Whether these goods were made in the homes of individual families, or in group workshops. The products of Celtic craftspeople were just as stunning as any Roman artefact.
- Brigantes, celt, charriot, cist, indistru, jewellery, leather, manufacture, metal, roundhouse, spear, sword, weapon, wood
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Announcing: The Brigantian News!
- Roman Road to the West uncovered under Manchester Street 16 July 2025
- What might Stonehenge Mean? Dartmoor and Carnac add to the Picture 3 July 2025
- Megalithic Stone Monuments in France May Be Europe’s Oldest 1 July 2025
- Drumanagh Promontory Fort – First Ever Intact Roman Pot Found in Ireland 5 June 2025
Portable Antiquities News
An incomplete Irish silver Shilling of James I (AD 1603-1626). Second coinage. Crowned harp reverse. Dublin mint. AD 1604-1607.Diameter: 25.95mm, Thickness: 0.72mm, Weight: 3.31gThe coin is missing portions of its outer flan due to clipping, and [...]
A complete silver Groat of Edward III (AD 1327-1377). Fourth coinage, Pre-Treaty series C/D/E. Fourth coinage, Pre-Treaty Period, Series C. Long cross reverse, dividing double legend, with three pellets in each quadrant. As London mint. AD [...]
An incomplete silver Penny of Elizabeth I (AD 1558-1603). Third coinage. Long cross fourchée reverse over squared reverse shield. One initial mark. London mint. AD 1601-1602.Diameter: 14.01mm, Thickness: 0.54mm, Weight: 0.61gThe coin is missing minor portions its [...]
A complete silver denarius of Trajan (AD 98-117) dating to AD 98-99 (Reece Period 5). PM TRP COS III PP reverse type, depicting Victory seated left with palm and patera. Mint of Rome.Diameter: 19.77mm, Weight: 2.86g RIC Vol. II, p. 245, [...]
A complete silver Groat of Edward III (AD 1327-1377). Fourth, pre-Treaty coinage, series E. Long cross reverse with three pellets in each quadrant, legend in two fields. London mint. AD 1354-1355. Diameter: 27.09mm, Thickness: 1.03mm, [...]
A complete silver Ring of Post-Medieval to Modern date (AD 1650-1950). Small ring composed of plaited silver wire. The object is constructed of multiple strand silver plaited wire, which is circular in section, in groups of nine, [...]
An incomplete Swivel Fob Seal of Post-Medieval date (AD 1700-1800). The object is composed of a rectangular section ovate swivelling seal face which is detached from the handle but retained. The Axis bar is broken [...]
An incomplete silver cut Halfpenny of Henry II (AD 1154-1189). Cross-and-Crosslets type. Bust C. Unclear moneyer and mint. AD 1161-1165.Diameter: 20.75mm, Thickness: 0.81mm, Weight: 1.44gThe coin is missing minor portions of its outer flan.North Vol [...]
An incomplete silver Halfgroat of James I (1603-1625). Second coinage. Small crowned thistle reverse. Escallop initial mark. London mint. AD 1606-1607.Diameter: 15.89mm, Thickness: 0.42mm, Weight: 0.77gThe coin is missing minor portions of its outer flan.North Vol II, [...]
An incomplete copper alloy Brooch of Roman date (AD 43-360). The object is a Colchester derivative, Harlow type brooch with a spring mechanism. The head is composed of hollow and semi-circular wings. From the back of the head [...]
A Roman copper alloy radiate or nummus dating to AD 260-402.. Unclear reverse type. Unclear mint. [...]
A Post Medieval copper-alloy Rose farthing of Charles I (1625-1649) dating to AD1636-1644. Not further defined. [...]
A Roman copper alloy nummus dating to AD 300-400. Unclear reverse type. Unclear mint. [...]
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Claudius II (AD268-270) dating to AD270-271 (Reece period13). CONSECRATIO reverse type depicting an eagle. Unclear mint. [...]
An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of an unclear ruler dating to AD300-400. Unclear reverse type. Unclear mint. [...]
A Roman copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine (307-361) dating to AD 318-324 (Reece period 16). VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP reverse type depicting two victories holding a wreath or shield over an altar. [...]
A Roman copper alloy radiate and nummus of unclear ruler dating to AD 260-402. Unclear reverse type. Unclear mint. [...]
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Theodora (AD337-341) dating to AD337-341. PIETAS ROMANA reverse type depicting Pietas facing holding two infants. Unclear mint. [...]
A Roman copper alloy nummus of Licinius (308-324) dating to AD 308-324. Unclear reverse type. Unclear mint. [...]
A copper alloy Roman nummus of an unclear ruler dating to AD300-400. Unclear reverse type. Unclear mint. [...]
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